Новое и малоизвестное в английской морфологии

Упражнение 2. Употребите существительное в единственном или множественном числе:

1)  Не wanted this avoided at all cost. (cost, costs)

2)   It must be avoided at all costs. (cost, costs)

3)  She  was  hardly  conscious  of  her  surroundings,   and narrowly   missed   being  run   down   at a cross-road. (cross-road, crossroads)

4)  He saw him   crouching by   a crossroads    in Ballymurphy. (cross-road, crossroads)

5)   "I'd prefer not   to go into detail." (detail, details)

6)   "I'd rather not go   into details, if you don't mind. (detail, details)

7)  He had told her to write to his club if ever she were ill or in difficulty.(difficulty, difficulties) 

8)  He  went  on,   without   looking  at  her:   "If  you   find yourself in difficulties,   you   must  tell  me  first, before anyone else in the world." (difficulty, difficulties) 

9) I am waiting to hear your   footstep   across the gravel. (Footstep, footsteps)

10) ... he could hear footsteps coming up the stairs. (Footstep, footsteps)

11)   ...it was the letter of a man who had been exempted from military  service on the ground that  his conscience would not allow him to fight and attempt to kill the enemy. (ground, grounds)

12)   "I suppose we could get some of the men exemption — on the grounds that   they're engaged in agriculture." (ground, grounds) 

Ключи  

Упр.1 1 comes 2. money, was sent 3 moneys.  4.   money, is 5.  news 6 travels 7  is 8 weathers. 9 is

Упр.2  1. cost, 2. costs 3. cross-road 4. crossroads 5. detail 6. details  7. difficulty

8.  difficulties 9. footstep 10. footsteps 11. ground 12. grounds 
 

Глагол 
 

Упр. 1. Употребите Past Indefinite  или Past Perfect:

1)  The voice was very much softer than ____ _____. (to expect).

2)   The meal was more cheerful  than  Fisher ________ (to expect).

3)   ...the occasion wasn't nearly as bad as I ____ _____. (to fear)

4)   ...it  turned out worse than   I ______  (to fear)

5)  He had yielded quite a little of his confidence to Philip Faber   as   Philip   Faber   ___  _______ he   should. (to intend)

6)   He caught her, as she ______ he should. (to intend)

Упр. 2 Сделайте выбор между Infinitive и Gerund I:

1) Then she began ______.  (to sob, sobbing) 

2)  She began______.  (to sob, sobbing) 

3)  ...but 1 had not ceased ______ her. (to love, loving)

4)  "I shall never be able to cease _______ her." (to love, loving)

5)  ...so he turned a page, the longest of them all, continued _____ (to read, reading)

6)  He heard the bedroom door slam, after which he continued _______ (to read, reading)

7)  We started______, slowly and side by side. (to walk, walking)

8)  Then she started _______slowly again... (to walk, walking)

9) Не talked magnificiently and she was proud _____ with him. (to be, being)

10) "Are you so proud of ______ an adulterer?" (to be, being) 

Упр.3  Образуйте вопросительную или отрицательную  форму глагола ‘have” с помощью или без помощи вспомогательного глагола ‘to do”:

1)  "_____ I to do anything?"

2)  "Why _____one always ____ to do something?"

3)  I said she ______ to worry, I would look after all that.

4)   ...she _____  _____ to worry about him so much.

5)  "_____you any relatives in London?"

6)  "___you _____ any relations in London?"

7)  ____he a wife? He did not know.

8)  "___ he ____  any  relations?" 

9)  "I ____ much time."

10)  "I ____  _____ much time." 
 

  

Упр. 1 1. had expected 2. expected 3. had feared 4. feared.   5.  had   intended    6. intended

Упр. 2 1.to sob 2. sobbing 3. to love  4. loving  5. to read,  6.  reading7. to walk 8.   walking 9. to be 10. being

Упр.3  1)  Have I to do 2)  "Why does … have 3)   hadn't 4)   didn't have 5)  Have you…6) Do you have …7)  Had he 8)  Did he  have 9) I haven't 10)   don't have/  
 

Наречие 

Упр. 1. Образуйте сравнительную степень наречия (аналитически или синтетически):

1. She felt the delicious roughness of his cheek against her own, and was pressed ever ____ _____ in his arms, ____ and ______, until  she couldn’t breathe. (close)
2. “I should speak a little ________,” the instructor murmured, stooping over him. (quiet)
3. She bit her lips as though annoyed with herself and added ___ ______, “Sit where you are”.(quiet)
4. I went back _____ into our room. (slow)
5. She went down ____ _____. (slowly)

 

Упр. 1. 1.more closely, closer, closer  2. quieter 3. More quietly, 4. slower 5. More slowly 

Прилагательное

Упр.  1. Образуйте сравнительную степень  сравнения прилагательных (аналитически или синтетически):

1. I felt myself growing _______and_______ while he was talking (angry)
2. Her mother’s expression became ____  and ______  _______(angry)
3. “They’re very clever those two. The brother’s clever but she’s _________ (clever)
4. I think   the little ones are ____ _______at it.(clever)
5. She grew ______ and _____  _________(sharp)
6. “You say that a man’s whole job is to be_____ and ______ to himself. (true)
7. “And if you think of it as going deeper and deeper into your own real job – being ___ and ____ _____ to yourself – then the ‘Outside interests’ themselves don’t remain ‘outside’; they come in. (true)
8. His father seemed to be _____, ____ ______, even ______. (calm, relaxed, genial)
9. When she was ____ ____ calm he learned the reason for her distress. (calm)

Ключи:

Упр. 1. 1. Angrier, angrier 2. More, more angry 3. Cleverer 4. more clever 5. sharper, more sharp 6. truer, truer 7.  More, more true. 8. Calmer, more relaxed, genial. 9. More calm.

Местоимение

 

   Упр. 1. Выберите  вопросительное местоимение who или whom. В функции беспредложного дополнения допускается использование  who,  реже -   whom

1. Henry was furious. _____ could he trust, he stormed, if not his own sister? (who, whom)
2. _____ could she trust? (who, whom)
3. “So I settle on the first little workmen’s pub I see. And _____ do I meet there? My lapsed son-in-law”. (who, whom)
4. “____ should we meet but Mr. Jenkins and Mr. Tokenhouse”(who, whom)
5. “I told them,” he said. “Told ____?”(who, whom)
6. “Joe already told him.” “Told _____?” (who, whom)
7. “In love?” With ____” (who, whom)
8. “She’s with Italia Conti now”. “With who” (who, whom)

 

Упр. 2. Выберите приемлемую форму личного  местоимения:

1. …if  ever a man had earned his employers’ gratitude, it was ___ (he, him)
2. ‘If ever there was a frenzied squirrel in a cage, it’s ____. (he, him)
3. But the lips were right, and those small dark eyes, and gradually I became sure that it was ___ . (her, she)
4. She was fat and shapeless, but I knew it was ____ . (her, she)
5. She was three years old than ___. (me, I)
6. Jack was three or four years older than ___. (me, I)
7. “You are over eighteen and in the eyes of the law you  are as responsible as ___ all”. (they, them)
8. “You are as conventional as ____all,” I said.  (they, them)
9. No one could understand but ___. (he, him)
10. “Obviously no one can do it but _____.(he, him)

 

Ключи.

Упр. 1. 1. whom 2. who 3. whom 4. who 5. whom 6. who 7.  whom 8. wvho

Упр. 2. 1 he   2. him    3. she   4.  her  5. I 6. me 7. they 8. them 9. he 10. him  

Промежуточный тест

1.Выбрать  правильное определение:

морфема – это:

 а)мельчайший  отрезок слова, имеющий самостоятельное значение

б) синтаксически  самостоятельная единица

в) кратчайшая последовательность фонем

2. алломорф  – это:

а) кратчайшая последовательность фонем

б)мельчайший отрезок слова, имеющий самостоятельное  значение

в) морфы, входящие в одну морфему

3. морф – это:

     а) маленькая морфема

     б) кратчайшая последовательность  фонем

     в) мельчайший отрезок слова,  имеющий самостоятельное значение

4 Морфемы  бывают:

    а) словоизменительными

    б) односоставными

    в) изменяющимися

5 Морфы  бывают:

    а) аналитическими

    б) синтетическими

    в) связанными

6 Аффиксация  – это:

   а) вид словообразования

   б) вид словоизменения

   в) грамматическая категория

7 Вид  словообразования:

  а)  сложение частей речи

  б)  основосложение

  в)  морфология

8 Конверсия – это:

  а)  сложение морфем слова

  б)  аффиксальный способ 

  в)  безаффиксальный способ

9 Определить  вид словообразования в слове  world-famous:

а) конверсия

б) основосложение

в) аффиксация

10 Определить  вид словообразования: film – to film:

а) конверсия

б) основосложение

в) аффиксация

11  Определить  вид словообразования в слове  Pentagonese:

а) конверсия

б) основосложение

в) аффиксация

12 Части  речи – это:

а) максимально  большие классы слов в языке

б) выражение  грамматических категорий

в) последовательность морфем

13 В  слове “acceptable” “-able” является:

а) префиксом

б) суффиксом

в) корнем

14 В  слове “all-knowing” “all-“ является:

а) префиксом

б) суффиксом

в) корнем

15. С  точки зрения морфологии слово  – это:

а) последовательность фонем

б) последовательность морфем

в) последовательность морфов

16. Слово  “biorobot” образовалось с помощью:

а) splinters б) completives

17. Слово  “stereophonic” образовалось с помощью:

а) splinters б) completives

18. Образуйте  две колонки, в одну из которых  поместите splinters в другую -  completives:

cosmonaut, cheeseburger, AIDSophobia, technophobia, Westlandgate, astrospace,  tourmobile, mega tanker, Moonquake, megacity, bookteria, multimedia, aerospace, workaholic, cheesaholic, readathon, cardioversion, moviethon, audiotape, biocomputer speakathon, megajet,  coffeeholic, multipack, discomania, telecast, megadebter, groceteria, hydrospace, megabyte, shuttlegate, to biodegrade, , macrocontract.

Ключ.

   1 а,  2 в, 3 б, 4 а, 5 в,  6 а, 7 б, 8 в, 9 б, 10 а, 11 в, 12 а,  13 б, 14 а, 15 б, 16 а, 17 б. 18. splinters: cheeseburger, Westlandgate, tourmobile, Moonquake, bookteria, workaholic, cheesaholic, readathon, moviethon, speakathon, coffeeholic, telecast, groceteria, shuttlegate.

   completives: aerospace, audiotape, astrospace, biocomputer, to biodegrade, cardioversion, hydrospace, macrocontract, megabyte, megacity, megajet, mega tanker, megadebter, multimedia, multipack, discomania, cosmonaut, AIDSophobia, technophobia. 
 

Итоговые  тесты

Тест 1.

Определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные слова:

1. All his thoughts, his loving thoughts, were centred on Charlotte... (L. P. Hartley)

а) глагол б) существительное в) прилагательное

2....and almost at the centre of the room was a great four-poster bed. (L. Thomas)

а) глагол б) существительное в) прилагательное

3. No wonder I had dreamed of him

а) существительное  б) глагол в) прилагательное

4. Only her dreams were uncomfortable

а) существительное  б) глагол в) прилагательное

5. “I never saw such outrage on a human face.

а) прилагательное б) глагол в) существительное