Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 21 Февраля 2011 в 15:29, реферат
В рамках достижения данной цели нами были поставлены следующие задачи:
• составить полный список аффиксов с примерами, переводом и классифицировать их по значению и частям речи
• составить собственный словообразовательный словарь, содержащий основные производные слова
• исследовать ресурсы Internet на предмет наличия тестов на словообразование on-line и составить “копилку” полезных сайтов
• разработать собственную систему интерактивных упражнений, направленных на формирование навыков словообразования
ВВЕДЕНИЕ 3
ГЛАВА 1. СПОСОБЫ СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ 6
ГЛАВА 2. АФФИКСАЦИЯ - ОСНОВНОЙ СПОСОБ СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯ 8
2.2. КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ АФФИКСОВ ПО ЗНАЧЕНИЮ И ЧАСТЯМ РЕЧИ 10
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ 15
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ 16
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ 17
Основные суффиксы глаголов
1. Суффиксы, образующие наречия от прилагательных, иногда - от существительных,
порядковых числительных и причастий:
| -ly | bad (плохой)
- badly (плохо), part (часть) -
partly (частично), first (первый)
- firstly
(во-первых) |
2. Суффиксы, образующие наречия от существительных и наречий и
обозначающие направление (или направленность):
| -wards -ward -wise |
North
(север) - northward(s) (к
северу, на север), back (обратно,
назад) - backward(s) (назад,
в обратном направлении)
home (дом, домой) - homeward (к дому, по направлению к дому) clock (часы) – clockwise (по часовой стрелке) |
Наиболее
употребительные
префиксы и их значения:
| re- | to read (читать) - to reread (перечитать), to write (писать) - to rewrite (переписать) |
2. Префиксы,
которые придают слову противоп
обозначают противоположное действие:
| un-
dis- de-
anti- counter-
contra- |
to tie
(связывать) - to untie (развязывать)
to appear (появляться) - to disappear (исчезать) formation (формирование) - deformation (деформация) fascist (фашист) - anti-fascist (антифашист) attack (атака) - counterattack (контратака) to contradict (противоречить, возражать) |
3. Префиксы, имеющие отрицательное значение:
| a-
ab- un- im- in- ir- il- dis- mis- non- |
amoral (аморальный,
безнравственный)
absent (отсутствующий) kind (добрый) - unkind (недобрый) possible (возможный) - impossible (невозможный) ability (способность) - inability (неспособность) regular (регулярный) - irregular (нерегулярный) legal (легальный) - illegal (нелегальный) honest (честный) - dishonest (нечестный), understand(понимать) - misunderstand (неправильно понять) interference (вмешательство) - non-interference (невмешательство) |
| Приставка, которая начинается на “i” изменяется в зависимости от того, какая за ней стоит буква: il + l, ir + r, im + b, m, p. |
|
12. через-,
транс-
| |||||
|
13. вверх, кверху, наверху
| |||||
6. “перед”:
| 14. двойной,
два, дважды
| |||||
|
7. “недостаточно”, “недо-“:
|
15. имеющий дело с книгами
| |||||
|
8. “под”:
|
16. . относящийся к жизни
| |||||
|
9. “экс”, “бывший”
|
17. второстепенное значение
| |||||
|
10. само-, авто-
|
18. много-, мульти-, поли-
| |||||
|
11. полу-
|
19. Префикс глагола, имеющий значение “делать”:
|
Заключение
Материалы данного исследования позволят учащимся не только качественно подготовиться к Единому Государственному Экзамену в разделе «Лексика и грамматика» за счет выполнения разработанных авторами работы системы упражнений на словообразование и подобранных в Интернете тестов on-line, но и сэкономят их время на поиск слов, образованных с помощью аффиксов, в англо-русском словаре за счет использования предлагаемого словообразовательного словаря.
Таким образом, положенный в основу
изучения словообразования системный
подход и сформированные навыки сознательного
образования слов различных частей речи
путем выполнения упражнений обеспечат
более качественное усвоение темы «Аффиксация
в английском языке».
Список литературы
для подготовки уч-ся / ФИПИ – М.: Интеллект- Центр, 2009
университета, 1980.
12. Чусова Лидия Вениаминовна. Аффиксация в английском языке
Taylore-Knowles. Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2006
Приложения
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
1
Система упражнений, направленная на формирование навыков словообразования при подготовке к ЕГЭ
1.
Задания в формате Power
Point
2.
З
а
д
а
н
и
я
в
ф
о
р
м
а
т
е
Excel
3.
З
а
д
а
н
и
я
в
т
е
с
т
о
в
о
й
ф
о
р
м
е
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 2
СЛОВАРЬ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ СЛОВ
|
Concept noun |
Personal noun | Adjective | Verb |
| absenteeism | absentee | absent-minded | to be absent |
| accounting | accountant | accountable | account |
| accusation | accuser / accused | accusing | accuse |
| achievement | achiever | achieved | achieve |
| addiction | addict | addictive/addicted | to become addicted |
| administration | administrator | administrative | administrate |
| admiration | admirer | admired / admiring | admire |
| advertisement | advertiser | advertised | advertise |
| advice | adviser | advisory | advise |
| aggravation | aggressor | aggravating | aggravate |
| agitation | agitator | agitated | agitate |
| analysis | analyst | analytical | analyse |
| antagonism | antagonist | antagonistic | antagonize |
| arbitration | arbitrator | arbitrary | arbitrate |
| assassination | assassin | assassinated | assassinate |
| authorization | authority | authoritarian / authoritative | authorize |
| baking | baker | baked | bake |
| banking | banker | bankrupt | bank |
| belief | believer | believable | believe |
| benevolence | benefactor | beneficial | benefit |
| bidding | bidder | bidden | bid |
| blackmail | blackmailer | blackmailed | blackmail |
| blasphemy | blasphemer | blasphemous | blaspheme |
| bombardment | bomber | bombarded | bomb |
| brainwashing | brainwasher | brainwashed | brainwash |
| broadcasting | broadcaster | broadcast | broadcast |
| calculation | calculator | calculated | calculate |
| censorship | censor | censored | censure |
| challenging | challenger | challenged | challenge |
| charming | charmer | charmed / charming | charm |
| cheerfulness | cheerleader | cheerful | cheer |
| childbearing | childcare | childlike | child |
| choreography | choreographer | choregraphed | choreograph |
| civilization | civilian | civil | civilize |
| collaboration | collaborator | collaborated | collaborate |
| comedy | comedian | comic | |
| competition | competitor | competitive | compete |
| dancing | dancer | danced | dance |
| deafness | deaf | deafening | to go deaf |
| dealings | dealer / dealership | dealt | deal |
| decoration | decorator | decorative | decorate |
| defeat | defeatist | defeated | defeat |
| defense | defendant / defender | defended | defend |
| demonstration | demonstrator | demonstrative | demonstrate |
| design | designer | designed | design |
| destruction | destroyer | destructive | destroy |
| determination | determiner | determined | determine |
| development | developer | developed | develop |
| dictatorship | dictator | dictatorial | dictate |
| diplomacy | diplomat | diplomatic | to be diplomatic |
| direction | director | directed | direct |
| discipline | disciplinarian | disciplinary | discipline |
| distribution | distributor | distributed | distribute |
| divorce | divorcee | divorced | divorce |
| drama | dramatist | dramatic | dramatize |
| drunkenness | drunkard | drunk | drink |
| dwelling | dweller | dwelt | dwell |
| eavesdropping | eavesdropper | eavesdropped | eavesdrop |
| economics | economist | economical | economize |
| education | educator | educational | educate |
| egotism | egotist | egocentric | to be egotistical |
| election | electorate | electoral | elect |
| elitism | elitist | elite | to be elite |
| emancipation | emancipator | emancipated | emancipate |
| embezzlement | embezzler | embezzled | embezzle |
| emigration | emigrant | emigrated | emigrate |
| (un)employment | employer | (un)employed | employ |
| entertainment | entertainer | entertaining | entertain |
| enthusiasm | enthusiast | enthusiastic | enthuse |
| escapism | escapist | escaped | escape |
| evacuation | evacuee | evacuated | evacuate |
| exaggeration | exaggerator | exaggerated | exaggerate |
| examination | examiner | examined | examine |
| exploration | explorer | explorative | explore |
| exportation | exporter | exported | export |
| farming | farmer | farmed | farm |
| fighting | fighter | fought | fight |
| finality | finalist | finalized | finalize |
| finance | financier | financial | finance |
| flirtation | flirt | flirtatious | flirt |
| forgery | forger | forged | forge |
| foundation | founder | founded | found |
| freelancing | freelancer | freelanced | freelance |
| friendship | friend | friendly | to be friendly |
| gambling | gambling | gambled | gamble |
| government | governor | governmental | govern |
| growing up | grown-up | grown | grow up |
| guidance | guide | guided | guide |
| homemaking | homemaker | homemade | |
| hospitalization | patient | hospitalized | hospitalize |
| humanities | humanist | humanitarian | humanize |
| humor | humorist | humorous | |
| idealism | idealist | idealistic | idealize |
| illustration | illustrator | illustrative | illustrate |
| immigration | immigrant | immigrated | immigrate |
| immortality | immortal | immortal | immortalize |
| impersonation | impersonator | impersonated | impersonate |
| importation | importer | imported | import |
| industrialization | industrialist | industrialized | industrialize |
| innovation | innovator | innovative | innovate |
| inspection | inspector | inspected | inspect |
| instruction | instructor | instructive | instruct |
| interpretation | interpreter | interpreted | interpret |
| intrusion | intruder | intrusive | intrude |
| invasion | invader | invaded | invade |
| invention | inventor | inventive | invent |
| investigation | investigator | investigative | investigate |
| justice | justice of the peace | justifiable | justify |
| law | lawyer | lawful / lawless | |
| leadership | leader | lead | lead |
| learning | learner | learned | learn |
| legislation | legislator | legislative | legislate |
| liberalism | liberal | liberal | liberalize |
| linguistics | linguist | linguistic | speak |
| logging | logger | logged | log |
| love | lover | lovesick | love |
| machinery | machinist | machined | machine |
| magic | magician | magical | |
| management | manager | manageable | manage |
| manufacturing | manufacturer | manufactured | manufacture |
| marketing | marketer | marketable | market |
| materialism | materialist | materialistic | materialize |
| mathematics | mathematician | mathematical | |
| mechanics | mechanic | mechanical | mechanize |
| migration | migrant | migratory | migrate |
| modeling | model | modelled | model |
| morality | moralist | moralistic | moralize |
| mugging | mugger | mugged | mug |
| music | musician | musical | to make music |
| narration | narrator | narrated | narrate |
| nationalism | nationalist | nationalistic | nationalize |
| naturalization | naturalist | naturally | naturalize |
| navigation | navigator | navigable | navigate |
| negotiation | negotiator | negotiable | negotiate |
| nursing | nurse | nursed | nurse |
| offense | offender | offensive | offend |
| office | officer | official | officiate |
| operation | operator | operative | operate |
| opportunism | opportunist | opportunistic | opportune |
| oppression | oppressor | oppressive | oppress |
| optimism | optimist | optimistic | to be optimistic |
| organization | organizer | organizational | organize |
| ownership | owner | owned | own |
| pacifism | pacifist | pacified | pacify |
| painting | painter | painted | paint |
| participation | participant | participated | participate |
| parenting | parent | parented | parent |
| patriotism | patriot | patriotic | to be patriotic |
| peacekeeping | peacekeeper | peaceful | to make / keep peace |
| perfection | perfectionist | perfect | perfect |
| performance | performer | performed | perform |
| perpetuation | perpetrator | perpetual | perpetuate |
| persecution | persecutor | persecuted | persecute |
| pessimism | pessimist | pessimistic | to be pessimistic |
| philosophy | philosopher | philosophical | philosophize |
| photography | photographer | photographic | photograph / take pictures |
| plumbing | plumber | plumbed | plumb |
| poetry | poet | poetic | to write poetry |
| possession | possessor | possessive | possess |
| pragmatism | pragmatist | pragmatic | to be pragmatic |
| professionalism | professor | professional | profess |
| programming | programmer | programmed | program |
| psychology | psychologist | psychological | |
| purification | purist | pure | purify |
| quitting | quitter | quit | quit |
| reaction | reactionary | reacted | react |
| realism | realist | realistic | to be real |
| reception | receptionist | receptive | receive |
| recruitment | recruiter | recruited | recruit |
| redemption | redeemer | redeemable | redeem |
| reformation | reformer | reformed | reform |
| relationship | relative | related | relate |
| remembrance | reminder | reminded | remind |
| representation | representative | representative | represent |
| research | researcher | researched | to do research |
| residency | resident | residential | reside |
| retail | retailer | retail | retail |
| retirement | retiree | retired | retire |
| revelation | reveler | reveled | revel |
| robbery | robber | robbed | rob |
| rule | ruler | ruled | rule |
| sadism | sadist | sadistic | to be sadistic |
| sales | salesclerk / salesperson | sold | sell |
| satire | satirist | satirical | satirize |
| science | scientist | scientific | to do science |
| sculpture | sculptor | sculpted | sculpt |
| seduction | seducer | seduced | seduce |
| service | serviceman / servicewoman | serviceable | service |
| shipping | shipper | shipped | ship |
| showmanship | showman | shown | show |
| skateboarding | skateboarder | skateboarded | skateboard |
| skepticism | skeptic | skeptical | to be skeptical |
| slavery | slave | slavish | enslave |
| smoking | smoker | smoked | smoke |
| smuggling | smuggler | smuggled | smuggle |
| socialism | socialist | sociable | socialize |
| speaking | speaker | spoken | speak |
| specialization | specialist | specialized | specialize |
| speculation | speculator | speculative | speculate |
| studies | student | studious | study |
| supervision | supervisor | supervisory | supervise |
| supply | supplier | supplied | supply |
| support | supporter | supportive | support |
| survival | survivor | survivable | survive |
| sympathy | sympathizer | sympathetic | sympathize |
| talk | talker | talkative | talk |
| teaching | teacher | taught | teach |
| terrorism | terrorist | terrorized | terrorize |
| theory | theorist | theoretical | theorize |
| thievery | thief | stolen | steal |
| thinking | thinker | thought | think |
| torture | torturer | tortuous | torture |
| tourism | tourist | toured | tour |
| training | trainer / trainee | trained | train |
| transformation | transformer | transformed | transform |
| travel | traveler | traveled | travel |
| trickery | trickster | tricky | trick |
| typing | typist | typed | type |
| usefulness | user | useful | use |
| uselessness | user | useless | use |
| vacation | vacationer | - | vacation |
| vandalism | vandal | vandalized | vandalize |
| victimization | victim | victimized | victimize |
| victory | victor | victorious | win |
| viewing | viewer | viewed | view |
| violation | violator | violent | violate |
| visitation | visitor | visited | visit |
| voting | voter | voted | vote |
| waiting | waiter / waitress | waited | wait / serve |
| wandering | wanderer | wandered | wander |
| winning | winner | won | win |
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 3
Ссылки
на аффиксацию в Интернете
Тесты
на образование слов
различных частей
речи.
| |
| 2)http://www.nonstopenglish.
|
|
|
4)http://esl.about.com/ |
|
Тесты
на образование производных
слов в языковых
семьях
| http://www.angelfire.com/wi3/ | |
Интерактивные
плакаты на изучение
словообразования
| http://www.eslprintables.com/ | |
Тесты в формате ЕГЭ
http://www.flo-joe.co.uk/cae/
Информация о работе Аффиксация как основной способ словообразования в английском языке