2. What is a Travel Kiosk?

 

1. A popular shop, where u can buy tickets to all destinations
2. A screen-based holiday booking system
3. A travel agency

3.Is a travel Kiosk popular among visitors? 

a) yes,  over 500 people use it every day

b) no, 55 banks plans to reduce the number of these Kiosks 

 III. Какой части текста соответствует следующая информация?

Study of alternative ways of selling holidays 

 IV.Определите основную идею текста

1. Great success of a Travel Kiosk
2. Advantages and disadvantages of screen-based holiday booking system
3. An effort to install hole-in-the-wall booking machine

     PUBLIC SECTOR INVOLVEMENT IN TOURISM

 

     There are several reasons why the public sector should be involved in tourism. First, there are political reasons_. Tourism by its nature involves travel across national boundaries. Government must get involved in terms of policies relating to the procedures regarding the entry and exit of travellers and nationals. The encouragement of tourism can also be used for political purposes as a means of furthering international relations between two countries or as a means of enhancing the national and international image of a particular destination. Japan, for example, embarrassed by its huge international trade surplus during the 1980s, initiated the "Japan Ten Million Programme" to encourage Japanese people to take trips to foreign countries, to this move was in stark contrast to other countries, including Canada and the United States, who remained concerned about their international "travel gaps" (the differences between what their residents spent abroad and what foreigners spent in their countries on travel).

     Second, there are environmental reasons for public-sector involvement, is Tourism "sells" such things as the scenery, history, and cultural heritage of a region. One of the dangers of tourism is that in attempting lo make the national environment more acceptable to a foreign market, the true nature of that environment, physical or cultural, may be permanently damaged, altered, or lost.

     Finally, there are economic reasons for public-sector involvement in tourism. Tourism generates income, creates jobs, helps in economic diversification, complements certain other local industries, is an export industry, and provides foreign exchange earnings. In order to enhance these economic advantages to the host destination, the government, to some extent, must get involved.

     The type and amount of government involvement varies from country to country. The greater the importance that the government attaches to tourism, the greater will be the involvement. We might expect, for example, government involvement in tourism to be greater in the. Bahamas - where visitor spending represents about 50% of Gross Domestic Product (CDP) - than in the United States, which has a much more diverse economy. The conditions existing in the country also affect the type and amount of government involvement. The political-economic-constitutional system is an important factor. We would expect the level of involvement of a socialist government to be greater than in a country that has a predominantly free-enterprise philosophy.

     The level of socioeconomic development is another important factor determining the level of a government's involvement. The greater the economic development of a region, the less the need for government to involvement.  In connection with  this, the maturity and  financial capabilities of the private sector are important factors. The greater the capabilities of the private sector, the less the need  for public-sector involvement. In the United States, the argument has been made with some success that its tourism private sector is so highly developed, so sophisticated, and resourceful that there is little need for the Federal Government to be concerned with its development or marketing. This philosophy is clearly reflected by the fact that the United States Travel and Tourism Administration (USTTA) does not have a development function and has no official role in the promotion and development of domestic so (resident) tourism within the US.

     The Tourist System, Mill, Robert Christie (Prentice Hall )1992

 

I. Say whether according to the text the following statements are true or false 

a) The encouragement of tourism is useless for political purposes

b) One of the dangers of tourism is that in attempting to make the national environment more acceptable to a foreign market

c) the type and amount of government involvement into tourism is the same in all countries

d) the greater the capabilities of the private sector, the less the need for government to involvement

e) The greater the economic development of  a region, the greater the need for government to involvement 

II. Answer the questions (choose the answer A,B or C) 

1. What is a political reason of public sector involvement into tourism?

1. In order to control the entry and exit of travelers and nationals
2. In order to make it more profitable
3. In order to advertise tourism sector

 

2. What is an economic reason of public sector involvement into tourism?

a) tourism generates income, creates jobs, helps in economic diversification

b) it helps to import industry

c) it develops social boundaries 

3. What is an environmental reason of public sector involvement into tourism?

a) it advertises local sightseeing

b) it improves environment

c) it helps to buy historical values 

III. Какой части текста соответствует следующая информация? 

The political-economic-constitutional system is an important factor 

5. Определите  основную идею текста

 

1. Development of “Japan Ten Million Programme”
2. Reasons of public sector involvement into tourism
3. A tourist system

     EGYPT WOOS TOURISTS

 

     Egypt, which has seen a catastrophic drop in Western tourism as a result of much-publicised attacks on tourists by Islamic militants, has announced a 14-fold boost to its promotion budget for next year. Dr Mamdouh el-Beitagui, the minister of tourism, announced in London after attending the annual World Travel Market that his country is to spend 3.4 million in Britain to persuade tourists to return.

     Britons have always been enthusiastic visitors to Egypt, and last year were the largest group from the West, with some 260.000 tourist arrivals. That figure however, has been badly dented by fears over terrorism, with a I 7 per cent slip in the numbers arriving in the first eight months of this year. Germany is now the largest supplier of Western tourists.

     Boosted by the publicity of the successful United Nations population conference in Cairo, the Egyptian government has now gone on the offensive. Dr el-Beltagul pointed out that since 1992 some seven million tourists have visited Egypt - and only seven have been killed in terrorist attacks. A tourist is far safer in Cairo or Luxor, he points out, than in Miami, New York, Spain or dozens of third world destinations. Both he and President Mubarak, who visited London earlier this week, insisted that the 35 fundamentalist threat has now been contained. "After a very successful crackdown from the police, it is clear that the government is taking the initiative," he said. "The intelligence services have infiltrated all these groups'. Tourists are now very well protected."

     Nevertheless, it is reckoned that Egypt has lost up to 52 billion in tourist earnings since the attacks began – even though these are virtually confined to Assiut, for long a notorious hothouse of ant-government activity, and  upper Egypt. The downturn has not been altogether so bad for Egypt. Much of the loss has been at the lower end of the market - the package tourists who tended to spend the least  ….. - so Egypt has an unexpected opportunity to try to boost quality tourism.

     One group has scarcely been affected at all by the downturn: Arab tourists, especially from the Gulf states. This sector accounts for 36 per cent of such tourists, but their financial importance is far greater than their numbers. They bring and spend much more money, they stay longer, often for a whole month in the summer; and they spread their spending beyond the souvenir stalls and camel rides to luxury hotels, fashion and consumer industries. In numbers alone Saudis now make up the largest group, with 196.000 arriving between January and September this year.

     Behind these figures lies another statistic that is of enormous importance for future trends: Israelis now make up the fourth largest group going to Egypt. And the number of Egyptians going to 75 Israel has also increased dramatically: in 1993 5.000 went to Israel by the end of this year the figure is expected to reach 20.000. For a poor country where the total number going abroad to any destination is small, that suggests a significant change as a result of the gathering momentum of the peace process.

     Egypt is trying to take advantage of the peace momentum. The opening of the border between Israel and Jordan now makes a three-country package on the "Red- Sea Riviera" possible, with tourists able to visit Aqaba, Eilat, Sinai and the famed rose-red city of Petra in Jordan on one tour.

     Egypt is to build a new international airport at Ras el-Naqab to serve the Red Sea region, and together with Jordan and Israel is to begin joint marketing campaigns for all three countries in America, the Far East and South Africa. Tourist ministers for the three countries are to meet shortly in Cairo to discuss 100 ways of simplifying border formalities, visas, and such things as hire-car arrangements for use in Egypt, Israel and Jordan,

     Michael Binyon The Times November 1994

     PROMOTING LOCAL TOURISM

 

     Tyndale, the martyred translator of the first printed Bible in English, is to be used to entice thousands of literary enthusiasts to the county of Gloucestershire. A new campaign is highlighting the villages and countryside of Tyndaie's childhood. An estimated million tourists visited Gloucestershire last year, contributing £250 million to the economy and providing work for 10 per cent of residents at a time when jobs in defense and farming have been cut. Celebrations for Tyndate's quincentenary will provide a foundation for the drive to boost the county

     Colin Potts, the county tourism officer, says: "Tyndate was responsible for phrases that are now an integral pare of our language, but 500 years later he is still relatively unknown and neglected.

     "Phrases such as 'Let there be light... fight the good fight... Am I my brother's keeper?. The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak ... salt of the earth ... signs of the times' and eat, drink and be merry capture the rhythms of common speech. Anyone exploring the countryside here, especially around North Nlbley where he grew up, will be walking in the great man's footsteps." 

1. Являются ли следующие  утверждения (а)  истинными, (в) ложными, (с)  в тексте нет  информации:

А. Благодаря  туристической индустрии бюджет получил 2,5 млн. А  В   С

В. Были произведены  сокращения рабочих мест в сельскохозяйственной отрасли.  А  В   С

С. 25% населения заняты в туристической индустрии.   А В   С 

2. Выберите эквиваленты  на русском языке  к словам и словосочетаниям:

a translator                                                              1 обеспечение работой

b campaign                                                             2 жители

c providing work                                                    3 отдых в сельской местности

d tourism officer                                                     4 перевозчик

e exploring the countryside                                    5 менеджер по туризму

f residents                                                               6 работа в игровых структурах

g job in defence                                                      7 кампания 

3.Заполните  пропуски в предложениях, используя информацию из статьи:

A. Tyndale, the martyred translator of the first _______ in English…

1. poems        2.Bible        3.tales

B. Colin Potts is a county_________ officer

1. navy            2. tourism   3.top

C. An estimated _________ tourist visited Gloucestershire last year.

1.billion          2. million    3.hundred

D. Tyndale was responsible for ________ that are now an integral part of our language.

1. phrases        2. words      3.poems 

     CHANGING MARKETS 

     Over the last two decades, in countries with developed economies, smaller households have emerged as the norm with fewer young children in them, and a much greater proportion of married women in full or part time work. The number of households including couples and one or more children in Britain is now only just over a quarter of the total, and the number of 5 children under the age of 15 fell by over two million between 1970 and 1999. The growing incidence of divorce has created many single person and single parent households, and has a major impact on the nature of demand. Obviously these changes have affected producers who traditionally provided family holiday products based on the needs and interests of children. Smaller households also mean more households and more reasons to visit family and friends living outside the home environment.

     At the other end of the age scale the increasing number of people over the age of 55 who are retired or near retired, has been identified as a vitally important population trend, which will increasingly influence travel and tourism markets by the end of the century. Apart from the size of the market these retired and near retired people are quite different from any previous generation of senior citizens in the sense that most of them are far more active, fit, and affluent than before. Many of them will have been brought up in a civilization accustomed to high levels of personal mobility, and most will have established patterns of leisure activities and holidays, which they will be able to afford to continue into their seventies and eighties. Marketing managers around the world are studying ways to develop their shares of this expanding market, and there are obvious profit prospects for those who design products which older people want to buy.

     Tourism's Challenge: Spreading The Tourist Load

 

     Many, though certainly not all, problems produced by modem travel, can be explained by two well-known phenomena: the tremendous ' concentration of holidays and travel into just a few weeks and weekends, and the congestion it produces: everybody at the same time, for the same reason, in the same places. The flight from the mass into the mass. The concentration of holidays in time and space is responsible for the huge plague of travellers, who are sometimes perceived as a burden and a threat both by tourists themselves and their hosts. The over-exploitation of recreational areas can be explained by these reasons too. Despite that, its debatable whether many travellers would want to be quite alone on their trip. Even if they did, moving so many thousands of people, all at the same time, to their holiday homes and back again, can never be done in smaller units. So it looks as though massivity is here to stay. What we should try to do is control and reduce its scale. The question of tolerable numbers must be a central issue for the planning of tourism in the tourist destination area,

     Efforts must therefore be made to break down the travel periods by staggering school and works holidays. Information about the advantages of staggered holidays should be made available at all levels. This question must be given a new priority in international organizations (e.g. the World Tourism Organization, the OECD, the EU etc) and take its place in national policies as well.

     Tourist facilities in holiday areas should be more rationally distributed following the principle of 'decentralized concentration'. The tourist infrastructure should be expanded to a larger number of centres and small-scale projects should be promoted so that less developed areas get a share of the economic benefit produced by tourism.

     That the holiday period should be staggered as a matter of urgency is now generally accepted. But there is also widespread resignation about the fact that decades of political discussions about the subject have produced no tangible results. People seem to have resigned themselves to the holiday rush, accepting it as an immutable fact of Ufe. But renewed efforts to change this situation must be made, for their success would significantly improve the preconditions for the well-being of all participants in tourism and for the preservation of recreational areas. If 35 people were given more say in the organization and scheduling of their working and leisure time, every person would have a much greater possibility of avoiding the holiday peaks and bottlenecks; whether he or she would use the chance is less certain.

     The second demand, namely that tourism should be decentralized 40 and its scale thus reduced, is not so controversial. The honey pot theory, as it is called, has many advocates: the best solution, they claim, is to set up large honey pots' - i.e. holiday centres, in which tourists will assemble in their thousands like insects looking for food, while all other areas will be kept free of the 'tourist plague'. Though other formulations are not always so extreme, growing resistance to tourist development which is engulfing the whole country, can be observed in many areas.

     According to this view, tourism should be allotted certain zones and the rest of the country protected from it (see the proposition relating to artificial holiday centres). We should point out that our own demand for so more decentralization does not imply that the over concentration would be replaced by dispersion. Such a development would have dubious consequences both for the environment and society. What is needed is a middle-of-the-road solution in which the costs and benefits will be better distributed from the point of view of all participants.