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Цель исследования состоит в выявлении основных структурных, семантических, страноведческих и лингвокульторологических особенностей номинации в АСЭВС.
Исходя из цели исследования, ставятся следующие задачи:
1.сформулировать категориально-понятийный аппарат лингвистического и лингвокультурного анализа номинации в АСЭВС;
2.определить основные структурные особенности номинации в АСЭВС;
3.выявить основные семантические особенности номинации в АСЭВС;
4.раскрыть основные страноведческие и лингвокультурологические особенности номинации в АСЭВС;
5.установить продуктивность номинативных средств в АСЭВС.
Введение ………………………………………………………………..………4
Глава 1. Понятийно-терминологическая система лингвистического
и лингвокультурологичесого описания АСЭВС………………………..…....8
1.1. Вводные замечания………………………………………………..……….8
1.2. Проблема выделения АСЭВС как субстандартной формы существования национального языка…………………………………………………………...8
1.2.1. Понятие формы существования языка…………………………………8
1.2.2. Понятия национального языка и национального варианта языка……11
1.2.3. Место и структура лексического субстандарта в языковом субстандарте национального языка…..………………………………………………………14
1.3. Экзистенциальная сущность АСЭВС.……………………………………27
1.3.1. Из истории формирования АСЭВС…….………………………..……..27
1.3.2. Рабочее определение АСЭВС………………………………..…………30
1.4. Основные понятия номинативного анализа………………………………31
1.5. Выводы по Главе 1………………………………………………………..33
Глава 2. Особенности номинации в АСЭВС…………………………………36
2.1. Вводные замечания…………………………………..…………...……….36
2.2. Структурные особенности номинации в АСЭВС…………………..……36
2.2.1. Структурно-неотмеченные спортивные сленгизмы……………………36
2.2.2. Структурно-отмеченные спортивные сленгизмы ………………...……47
2.2.3. Продуктивность структурных типов и моделей в АСЭВС……………50
2.3. Семантические особенности номинации в АСЭВС……………………...55
2.3.1. Ономасиологические особенности спортивных сленгизмов …………55
2.3.2. Семасиологические особенности спортивных сленгизмов ...…………58
2.3.3. Продуктивность семантических средств номинации в АСЭВС....……62
2.3.4. Лингвострановедческий и лингвокульторологический компонент в семантике АСЭВС………………………………………………………………63
2.3.5. Продуктивность лингвострановедческих и лингвокульторологических средств номинации в АСЭВС……….…………………………………………..67
2.4. Выводы по Главе 2…………………………………………………………67
Заключение……………………………………………….……………………..69
Список литературы…………………………………………..…………………71
Список словарей……………………………………………….……………….76
Список Интернет-источников………….…………………….….……………..77
Приложение …………………………………………………………………….
this word is known throughout the country as evil but here in Boston, it's used as awesome, cool, or sick.
someone who cannot board and just takes up space on the mountain -that wilderbeast is just a waste on this mountain.
Someone who is scary of everything; wussy.
when a boarder snaps their board doing something narly.
A description of someone who is stoked or stoned.
Do you understand me?
When a boarder (or skiier) bails so hard their hat/goggles/etc go flying. "Did you see that gnar yard sale?"
Some city people that think they can rip it up, but can't.
Skateboarding Glossary (131 words):
The tolerance rating system for bearing that designates the level for stress resistance of the bushing. The lower the rating the looser the bearing , the higher the rating the tighter the bearing.
To ride straight off of something and freefall to the ground.
What it is called when riders clear jumps or obstacles.
When a trick is performed in the opposite direction of which the skater is moving.
When a turn or trick is executed in a direction that the back of the body is facing the arc of the trick (the ramp or obstacle).
(Vert) A fall to avoid possible
slam. To get out of an unmakeable situation by purposely not making
a trick. Usually due to a timing error or mistake.
(Street) To step or jump off your board to avoid possible slam or injury.
Any sloped area under 90 degrees.
To skate or just go where you are not wanted, or where that chance is possible. i.e. "No one was home, and the sign said not to skate, but we barged anyway."
Bearings have an inner and outer part, which the balls ride on, allowing the wheel to turn.
When a trick is performed, the contact spot of the board with the obstacle is the area of the tail behind the back trucks. The wheels are also on top of the object.
Also called a deck. The platform that the hardware is mounted to, usually maple laminate.
To slide on an obstacle or lip with the contact point being the underside of the board.
A helmet.
While riding fakie, usually at the lip of a ramp, to complete a 360 in the air and head back down the ramp forwards without grabbing. Named after Steve Caballero.
To make a long, curving arc while skating.
a force that keeps a body moving in a circular path
The contour given to decks. The concave will dip down from the left to right and should be asymmetrical. Provides strength to the board and aids the skater when performing tricks.
Edges designed without small "cracks" in the outmost contact area. To add strength and at times, stiffness to the edges.
A rounded lip at the top of a ramp or obstacle, usually made of metal, cement, or PVC pipe.
Nosegrind with nose sliding at the same time.
A small concrete edging forming a gutter on streets, sidewalks, etc. Used by skaters to do tricks on.
A curb incline, often found on the outer edges of a driveway, which is used to launch ollies. Also found at wheelchair ramps.
To control and minimize the amount of resonance of vibration created by the energy separated by board flex and surface of the snow. Any material like rubber sheer, built into the edges, or core that keep the board quiet and more responsive.
As you approach something to grind, you flip your board and grind on the grip tape while standing on the bottom of the board.
A drainage ditch, designed
for water runoff, which usually runs downhill and sometimes has smooth banks or transitions an
To enter the ramp or obstacle from the top.
A measurement of the resiliency, or hardness, of a urethane wheel.
Where one's face meets the ground before any other part of one's body.
Riding backwards.
The back truck is grinding, front of body facing edge with toe-side rail grinding edge also.
The term given to the type of street skating that became popular in the late eighties and early nineties which involved tricks done on flat ground. Usually things like kickflips, pressure flips, etc.
When a turn or trick is executed in a direction that the front of the body is facing toward the outside of the arc of the trick (the ramp or obstacle).
A distance between two riding surfaces which skaters ollie over, and often do other more sophisticated tricks over.
While riding fakie, usually at the lip of a ramp, to complete a 360 in the air while grabbing and head back down the ramp forwards.
To ride with the right foot forward.
Grabbing either or both boards with one or both hands. Frontside or backside.
To ride on an object like a ledge or handrail with just the trucks making contact.
Adhesive backed sandpaper material fixed to the top of the board to provide traction.
Another name for a hand plant
The "pumping" motion a skater makes, usually on a ramp, to propel himself up the transitions and to gain speed. By moving body weight in one direction and then the other in conjunction with the curve and flat of the ramp, enough speed can be achieved to perform any trick. This motion is much like that used by a person in a playground swing-set.
A 180 degree Caballerial
A type of ramp that is shaped like a "U" and used for vert skating
A type of trick where one hand grabs the skate while doing a one handed handstand on a ramp, or obstacle.
What riders slide and grind on, looks like and is a handrail
When either the back or front truck catches on an obstacle, usually causing a fall.
Part of the truck that gets the most abuse. When grinding it is done along the top of the hanger. Contained inside the hanger is the axle.
While performing on Ollie, the heel pushed down on the edge of the board causing it to flip over.
The edge of the board closest to the riders heels
A metal cylinder threaded on the outside for tightening into and threads on the inside for attaching a screw. To repair either a stripped insert or a drilled hole in a board which was used to attach a binding.
The spot where a ramp or obstacle comes to a point. Tricks are done while flying over or off of it.
A large, painful strawberry bruise on the hip which often becomes a hematoma, which is a swelling of blood. Avoid at all cost.
A jump
Layers a component, most commonly wood, that are bonded together on top of each other to form a strong material from otherwise weak elements. Used as either the full deck material or the core in the construction of a board.
Another name for a hand plant
A small ramp used to give the skater some air to perform a trick.
When pressure is applied to the tail of the board, lifting the front and turning it in another direction.
A name for a jump ramp. Kickers usually have the property of throwing you up into the air rather than giving you distance.
The same as a Heelflip except the toe pushes down to flip the board.
The bolt that holds the hanger and base plate together.
A type of protective padding worn on the knees.
A way of controlling a fall by sliding on plastic caps on the knee pads.
Landing backwards.
A term used to describe incorporating something into a trick just before its completion and landing.
The moment a rider starts to execute a jump, and the time he is actually flying through the air.
A helmet.
The route a rider chooses through a tricky section.
The top edge portion of the halfpipe or quarterpipe wall.
Any trick performed on or near the lip of the wall of the halfpipe or quarterpipe.
To force the tail over the lip and slide on the surface before re-entry.
To put weight on one side of the trucks or the other
The skaters who session a ramp, ditch curb, or any place to skate regularly. These are the guys with the best lines who usually live nearby.
Primarily on vert. To catch the back wheels or truck on coping as the board reenters the ramp. Indicates the board stopped dead, or locked.
The balancing act of riding
a skateboard on two wheels,
either the front two or the back two.
A 540 degree turn performed on a ramp. Named after Mike McGill.
A half-pipe anywhere in size from three to eight feet tall. Smaller then that is probably impractical as a half-pipe, and larger than that is mid-sized or vert.
a style of pushing where the back foot is kept on the board and pushing is done with the front foot.
Much like an Ollie only you spring off of your nose instead of your tail.
The front of the board.
Sliding on the nose of board on the edge of an obstacle like a handrail, ledge, or ramp lip.
Just the front truck is grinding.