Тексты для чтения и лексический минимум по дисциплине "Английский язык"

 
 

COMPANY'S HISTORY

  KKK is a famous computer manufacturer based in... (the name of the country).

  The Head Office is in ... (the capital of the country), and there are offices in other cities.

  KKK is a leader in the field of minicomputers and business microcomputers, and it is a major software producer It has a large customer service division, with a wide network of dealers and agents.

  KKK has three main production workshops and is planning to expand manufacturing capacity in the next two years.

  ККК started business in 1981, and produced small electronic components for the first few years. Then it launched its first micro and moved into the computer market in 1986. Now it has five branch offices; in 1991 it opened its overseas subsidiary.

  In 1997 KKK launches the famous L66 models and gets the contract to build control systems for the Space Program.

  The Company's total sales exceed.... The turnover in 2000 exceeded.... Its profits reach ....

  KKK works through five divisions: Research & Development, Production & Engineering, Software, Administration fc Central services, Sales & Marketing. 

SPEAKING ABOUT COMPANIES

1. A world leader in construction materials, ZZZ holds top-ranking positions in all six of its core businesses: cement, ready-mix concrete, aggregates, gypsum, specialty products and roofing. ZZZ employs 65,000 people and generates annual sales of $ .... It is committed to the development of construction materials which bring greater comfort, aesthetic appeal and safety to our everyday lives. Net operating income reached $ .... Net earnings (Group share) reached $..., net earnings per share rose to $ .... These increases are the highest in ten years.

2. XXX is a multinational technical service company employing 63,500 people and operating in more than 30 countries. Last year the company generated $... in revenue from its main activities. XXX has been active in this country since December 1998, through a joint venture with ODD.
3. Established in 1996, BBB broke away from ADD in 1999. . Balance loss was .... The statutory fund is .... Realizing that its chances of remaining on the market on its own are slim, the company initiated a plan for merging with ADB, the main supplier in the& industry.

 

PHRASES TO BE USED when speaking about a company:

• to be established in 19... быть образованным в 19...
• to have a strong position in the market иметь сильную позицию на рынке
• to enjoy an excellent reputation иметь отличную репутацию
• to have qualified / skilled / technically trained employees иметь квалифицированных / обученных / технически подготовленных служащих
• to be a state-owned enterprise быть государственным предприятием
• to be in the process of transformation into a joint-stock company находиться в процессе преобразования в акционерное общество
• to provide services to ... обеспечивать обслуживание / услуги
• to offer high-quality products and innovative technologies предлагать высококачественные товары и новейшие технологии

 

8. WELFARE SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEES

Система социального обеспечения  служащих

 

COMPANY'S WELFARE INFORMATION

   The benefits package of a company can contain medical insurance, annual leave, sick leave, paid maternity leave, creche facilities, pension scheme (noncontributary pension scheme), relief (dole), regular incentives, flexible working hours, paid overtime, fringe benefits. Also, big companies may offer their staff some benefits for remuneration package: dental benefits, relocation costs to and from the company, car allowance, free parking and sports facilities, the company's canteen, educational subsidies for children, furnished accomodations at nominal rent, annual leaves with airfares for self and dependents, annual gratuities, etc. Such benefits packages and rewards are usually commensurate, and the opportunities for a person who performs well may be considerable. 
 
 
 

9. BUSINESS ACTIVITIES

Виды деловой деятельности

 

SOME BUSINESS FIELDS AND THEIR DEFINITIONS

  Production - the activity of making or growing something. Manufacturing - making goods to sell from raw materials.

  Services - the provision of work, accommodations, or ministrations desired by a consumer. Services familiar to most consumers are in the field of maintenance and repair, transport, travel, entertainment, education, and medical care. Business-oriented services include computer applications, management consulting, banking, accounting and legal services, stock brokerage, and advertising.

  Marketing - the actions of identifying, satisfying and increasing the buyer's demand for a company's products; the movement of goods and services from manufacturer to customer in order to satisfy the customer and to achieve the company's objectives.

  Finance - money as a resource for business and other activities; the acquisition and utilization of capital in order to start up, operate, and expand a company; the management of money for business and other activities. Accounting - the handling of large amounts of information generated by business operations; the work of keeping or checking accounts. Data processing - using a computer to analyze and classify information stored in a database; the measurement and communication of financial information, computerized control of statistical data.

  Trading - the buying and selling of goods, services, currencies or securities. Exporting - sending goods, services, ideas or people to other countries. Importing - bringing goods, services, ideas or people into a country from another country.

  Transportation - the movement of goods or people from one place to another, the movement, or distribution, of goods to places where they can be sold; the arrangement made for this. Delivery - taking letters, messages, goods, etc to the places or people they are addressed to.

  Advertising - business that deals with making, distributing and. selling advertisements; activities for making a product, a service, a job vacancy, an event, etc publicly known. It is done on television, radio, signboards; in newspapers, magazines, and catalogues; and through direct mail to the consumers.

  Management - the activities guiding a company io accomplish its objectives; the control or organization of people, a business, a department of a firm, a project or a process (e.g. financial, information, product, retail, cash flow, staff, database management).

MULT/FACETED PROCESS OF RUNNING A BUSINESS

  A variety of operations keep businesses, especially large corporations, running efficiently and effectively. Common business operation divisions include production, marketing, finances, and human resource management.

  Production includes those activities involved in conceptualizing, designing, and creating products and services. Marketing research is conducted to study consumer behaviour. Changing attitudes and modes of living directly affect the sale ability of products. The purchase of durable or long-lived goods, such as refrigerators, cars, and houses, or luxury products may be deferred when the economy is declining and may increase rapidly in periods of prosperity. Staple products, such as food and clothing, tend not to be seriously affected by the business cycle. Consumers today expect product innovations. Competition between manufacturers of similar products naturally accelerates the speed of changes made in those products.

  The two basic components that affect product pricing are costs of manufacture and competition in selling. It is unprofitable to sell a product below the manufacturer's production costs and unfeasible to sell it at a price higher than that at which comparable merchandise is being ottered. Other variables also affect pricing. Company policy may require a minimum profit on new product lines or a specified return on investments, or discounts may be offered on purchases in quantity.

  Marketing concentrates primarily on the buyers, or consumers, determining their needs and desires, developing strategies to persuade them to buy. Marketing management includes planning, organizing, directing, and controlling decision making regarding product lines, pricing, promotion, and servicing. In addition, the marketing department of a busi ness firm is responsible for the physical distribution of the products, determining the channels of distribution that will be used and supervising the transportation of goods from the factory or warehouse. Marketing and sales departments pre pare documentation, handle cargo, do packing for clients, advise on insurance and the best means of transport, handle customs procedures.

  Finance involves the management of money, controlling capital on hand to pay their bills, seek extra capital to expand their operations. Other common financial activities include granting, monitoring, and collecting on credit or loans, and ensuring that customers pay bills on time. The financial division of any business must also establish a good working relationship with a bank. This is particularly important when a business wants to obtain a loan.

  Businesses rely on effective human resource management (HRM) to ensure that they hire and keep good employees, and that they are able to respond to conflicts between workers and management. HRM specialists are responsible for recruiting new employees to replace those who leave and for filling newly created positions. A business's HRM division also trains or arranges for the training of its staff. Human resource managers create workers' compensation plans and benefit packages for employees. 

10. JOB TITLES & PERSONNEL FUNCTIONS

Названия  должностей и функции  персонала