Pronunciation and Spelling in English

 

Ex. 7.20 Read the following words containing combination of vowels and consonants:

[əυ] cold, fold, hold, bold, gold, told, sold;

[aı] wild, mild, child,;

[aı] kind, mind, find, bind, blind, rind.

[a:] class, fast, ask, plant, bath, pass, past, task, grant, path, glass, cast, bask, can’t, father, grass, vast, basket, shan’t, brass, mask, branch.

[ɔ:] all, small, ball, fall, call, stall, tall, wall.

[ɒ] was, wash, what, want, watch, quality;

     [aυ]  now, how, cow, down, town, clown, brown, crowd, crown, flower, power, tower;

[əυ] row, own, slow, grow, snow, glow, show, throw, know

 

Ex. 7.21 Which word in the pair has more predictable spelling?

 

Ex. 7.22 Find the odd word:

Target, farm, warm, market, barking.

Word, work, world, war, worse.

Behind, bind, wind, mind, blind.

Call, shall, tall, also, always.

Howl, jowl, crown, throw, coward.

Own, borrow, pillow, tower, crow.

Dance, can’t, bathroom, past, east.

Warship, quality, watch, wash, was.

Pond, gold, sold, behold, scold.

 

Ex. 7.23 Find the homophones:

side/ stalk/  hold/ might/ bold/ knight/ sight/ won/ site/ holed/ stork/ bowled/ night/ one/ sighed/ mite

 

Ex 7.24 Find the rhymes:

a) warm/ calm/ heard/ polite/ want/ show/ world/ aunts/ what/ work/ stalk/ bite

b) ago/ farm/ dance/ fight/ pot/ pond/ whirled/ perk/ night/ fork/ storm/ word

 

Ex. 7.25 ( , track 11)

Listen to the recording and decide which names you hear.

Example: I’ve invited ____Pete___ to join us.

a) Pete   b) Peter   c) Pet

 

1. I’ve just been talking to __________________.

a) Jan Lipman   b) Jane Lipman   c) Jane Leapman   d) Jan Leapman

 

2. I’ve just got a letter from __________________.

a) Eryl   b) Meryl

3. Can I speak to _____________, please?

a) Mick Wilson  b) Mike Wilson  c) Mack Wilson  d) Mark Wilson

4. I haven’t seen ____________ for ages.

a) Mary   b) Marie

5. Could you give this to  __________, please?

a) Lucille   b) Lucy

6. I think that’s ___________ over there.

a) Peter Bales  b) Peter Vales  c)Pete Bales  d) Pete Vales

7. Have you met _________________?

a) Barbara Eaton  b) Barbara Heaton  c) Barbie Eaton  d) Barbie Heaton

8. I’ve invited _______________ as well.

a) Joe Newman   b) Joan Newman

9. That’s _________________, I think.

a) Sir Ralph   b) Sir Alf

10. I think that’s ____________over there.

a) Sue Weedon   b) Sue Eden

11. Is ___________ here today?

a)   Gert   b) Curt

12. I’m going with ___________ to the cinema.

a) Alec   b) Alex

13. Have you seen ____________ recently?

a) Rita   b) Lita

14. I hear that ___________has got a new job.

a) Bet  b) Beth  c) Betty  d) Bess

15. Isn’t that ________over there?

a) Carl   b) Carla

 

Ex. 7.26 ( , track 12)

Look at and listen to these pairs of words.

 

a. Peter and pepper. These start with the same consonant sound [p], but the following vowel sound is different: [^׀pi:tə], [^׀pepə].

b. Peter and pizza. These start with the same three sounds: [^׀pi:tə] and [^׀pi:tsə].

Now read the following pairs of words. How many identical sounds do they start with? Listen to the recording to check how they are pronounced.

 

Examples:

Peter/ pepper – 1             Peter/pizza – 3

 

1. Kate \ cake  __     9. Penny \ pizza  __

2. Charles \  chocolate ___  10. Margery \margarine ___

3. Oliver \ olives ___  11. Barbara \ bananas ___

4. Tom \ tomatoes ___  12. Sam \ salmon ___

5. Susan \ sugar ___  13. Colin \ cola ___

6. Salome \ salami ___  14. Brenda \ bread ___

7. Pat \ pasta ___  15. Jim \ gin ___

8. Patty \ pastry ___  16. Raymond \ radishes ___

 

Ex. 7.27

a) Put the following words into the correct column according to the pronunciation of”-ough”:

Cough, through, plough, fought, thought, tough, nought, ought, drought, borough, bough, sought, bought, dough, though, enough, rough, thorough

 
 

b) Add two more words into each group:

caught, cuff, burglar, glow, stew, toffee, groan, snuff, warn, queue, terror, doubt, frown, off.

 

8. Mute Consonants

 
 

Ex. 8.1 Find the homophones:

Lamb/ wood/ receipt/ rime/ hole/right/ reseat/ knew/ fought/ whine/ reign/ lam/ rain/ new/ fort/ wine/ would/ rhyme/ write/ whole.

 

Ex. 8.2 Find the rhymes:

Farm, boom, delight, hurl, gate, design, sign, who, calm, threw, court, reign, alarm, height, gloom, bite, polite, refine, weight, whirl, pine, chew, caught, refrain, incite, womb, psalm, night, charm, tomb, through, balm.

 

Ex. 8.3 Choose the odd word:

when, which, whose, where

lump, limb, lamb, comb

calm, palm, film, balm

knapsack, knowledge, knick-knack, acknowledge

Gypsy, pseud, perhaps, eclipse

pseudonym, psychosis, trapshooting, psyche.

 

Ex. 8.4 Choose the appropriate word:

1. That was really a very courageous _______.

a) knight  b) night

2. She doesn’t  _____    _____ her necklace is.

a) no, were            b) know, where

3. He ______ his father was coming home because he heard his horse’s _______.

a) new, slay                  b) knew, sleigh

4. He became an ________ of a tremendous fortune after his ________ death.

a) heir, father’s            b) air, father’s

5. The troops had to _____ the river.

a) wade                        b) weight

6. The rose was very beautiful but the thorns on the _______ hurt my fingers.

a) stork                        b) stalk

7. The king’s ________ his spouse’s glance and understood everything.

a) court                        b) caught

8. It was the first day of ______ for the ______.

a) rain, shake              b) reign, sheikh

 

Ex. 8.5 Correct the mistakes:

I got court in the reign this morning and got wet threw.

I’d like to get some fire-would.

I no wot you mean.

I always get aches and peigns in winter.

We booked the tickets threw the Internet.

She can’t weight for you.

It’s very hot there, she won’t knead her fur-coat.

Rite! That’s the correct variant.

 

Ex. 8.6 Complete the word by adding the silent letter.

1. An _onest man never tells lies.

2. _hose spectacles are these?

3. A bom_ exploded just near the bridge.

4. The spirit of a dead person is called a g_ost.

5. Do you hear someone _nocking at the window?

6. His _nowledge of the subject is rather poor.

7. The clock strikes every _our.

8. I’m afraid he’s caught _neumonia.

9. You’d better _rap her present up.

10. If you don’t want to forget, tie  _not in your handkerchief.

9. Reading of English Consonant Clusters

 

    English sibilants and interdental sounds which don’t have their equivalents in the Latin alphabet are denoted by combinations of consonants, the second element of which is “h”, e. g. she, chain, thus, three.

    All the combinations of consonants, except “sh”, have the primary and the secondary sound meanings. The combinations of consonants are read in the primary sound meaning in most English words. In the words of foreign origin they are read in their secondary meaning.

 
 

READING  OF  “ng, nk”