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Данные материалы включают теоретические сведения о звукобуквенных соответствиях в английском языке, упражнения для совершенствования навыков чтения, а также материалы для чтения и заучивания наизусть. Материалы могут быть использованы как для аудиторной, так и самостоятельной работы учащихся.
But if the word ends in –y,
-ie as in the words ladies, Edie the letters
“a”, “e” have their alphabetical (long) meaning.
*For more information about
the rules of reading of vowel combinations (digraphs), see further rules.
READING
SINGLE VOWEL LETTERS IN STRESSED
NON-FINAL SYLLABLES
| Meaning | Spelling | Examples | Exceptions |
| I.
Primary
long |
1) vowel + vowel | diet | |
| 2) vowel
+ consonant + vowel vowel + consonant + “r” + vowel
vowel + consonant + “le” vowel + consonant + “re” |
pilot
library idle fibre |
||
| II.
Primary
short |
1) vowel + consonant cluster
+ vowel
vowel + consonant cluster +“le” |
Render fiddle |
|
| 2) vowel
+ consonant + “ic”
vowel + consonant + “ish” vowel + consonant + “ity” |
tragic
polish cavity |
||
| 3) vowel + “v” + vowel | never | ∙fever
∙over ∙uvula | |
| 4) vowel + syllable + syllable | fa∙mi∙ly | cases with “u”:
funeral | |
| 5) vowel
+ [ı]-closed syllable
vowel + [(j)u:]-closed syllable |
fa∙cet
tri∙bune |
stupid |
Ex. 3.1 ( , track 2)
Read the following names
and decide, from their spelling, if the vowel is
short or long. (If there is more than one vowel, focus
on the vowel receiving most stress.)
If you are not sure, check the recording.
Example:
Mick = short Susan = long
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| Primary short meaning | Primary long meaning |
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Ex.
3.2 Read these words according to the rules:
Letter “A” (primary short and long meanings):
| barrel | gas | bat | land | shall |
| angry | cab | bag | band | marry |
| tangle | fat | tan | pack | cattle |
| back | has | sand | dad | carry |
| sail
brain paper |
baby
lady main |
able
bacon wait |
parade
famous mate |
lain
pain fate |
Letter “E” (primary short and long meanings):
| best | clever | led | met | peck |
| bell | seven | set | beg | shell |
| send | very | men | lend | merry |
| berry | when | pen | bend | kettle |
| he | we | these | agree | evening | |
| she | be | me | even | deep | |
Letters “I/Y” (primary short and long meanings):
| thimble
thin chips |
wish
wiggle scribble |
twin
little picnic |
fiddle
kitchen history |
ministry
primitive system |
| why
mine vice imply |
rise
idle license while |
by
fly nylon byre |
rhyme
arrive bicycle triangle |
line
kite file white |
why
mine vice imply | ||
Letter “U” (primary short and long meanings):
| crumple
under humble hungry |
duck
must funny ugly |
begun
thus thunder bungle |
buck
lust fuss yuck |
cluck
bud puck luck | |
| tube
duty dual |
music
tune computer |
tune
muse humour |
unit
use student |
human
cube tunic | |
Letter “O” (primary short and long meanings):
| dot
stop chop flop |
cost
doctor bottle body |
robber
coffee promise fox |
cod
shot stock con |
cock
cop wop doll | ||
|
so
nose
go probe phone open |
hope
rose joke |
note
whole quote |
tone
hole drove | |||
Ex. 3.3
A:
Here are the twelve pairs of rhyming words. In each case, one has an
expected spelling for the particular sound and one has not. Choose which
has the more predictable spelling.
Example: cheque neck
(compare neck
with peck, deck, wreck, speck
and so on)
| 1 | dome | some | 5 | rich | stitch | 9 | file | style |
| 2 | mash | cache | 6 | chest | breast | 10 | taste | waist |
| 3 | steak | make | 7 | wand | bond | 11 | want | pant |
| 4 | moon | prune | 8 | blood | mud | 12 | cut | put |
Ex. 3.4 ( , track 3)
A: In this section the
spelling is 100% predictable from the pronunciation. Listen to the recording
and write these individual words down.
| 1 | ________ | 5 | ________ | 9 | ________ | 13 | ________ |
| 2 | ________ | 6 | ________ | 10 | ________ | 14 | ________ |
| 3 | ________ | 7 | ________ | 11 | ________ | 15 | ________ |
| 4 | ________ | 8 | ________ | 12 | ________ | 16 | ________ |
B: Now see if you can read
the following words aloud before you listen to them on the recording.
Remember that the pronunciation is still predictable from the spelling.
| 1 | scoop | 5 | patched | 9 | puddle | 13 | shun |
| 2 | muted | 6 | rotter | 10 | stutter | 14 | candle |
| 3 | glitch | 7 | hugged | 11 | handy | 15 | rumbled |
| 4 | spine | 8 | treck | 12 | budge | 16 | trash |
C: Now do the same with the following nonsense words.