Pottery and porcelain

For a century and a half the "Willow Pattern" has been the stock-pattern of nearly every British Pottery manufacturer, and although at times its popularity has waned, it has eventually returned to favour, and now is again at the apex of its popularity.

Of the modern "Willow" the Burleigh reproduction of Enoch Wood's plate is unequalled. The Blue is attractive and pleasing and the engraving has been executed by the finest artists of the day and has been in continual production since 1922.

 

 The original did not have the "Apple-tree" or the two Doves these being added later.  Otherwise the differences are slight and mainly in the treatment or the fretted border, either a lattice work or conventional butterfly being used, and details of the fence in the foreground differing.  

The original Chinese Willow, Minton copied, had no bridge with people crossing over, and it is not sure whether the stories connected with it originated in China or England. (Probably England, because the main components of the story were not included on the original plate.)

The Willow Legend   There was once a Mandarin who had a beautiful daughter, Koong-se. He employed a secretary, Chang who, while he was attending to his master's accounts, fell in love with Koong-se, much to the anger of the Mandarin, who regarded the secretary as unworthy of his daughter.

The secretary was banished and a fence constructed around the gardens of the Mandarin's estate so that Chang could not see his daughter and Koong-se could only walk in the gardens and to the water's edge. One day a shell fitted with sails containing a poem, and a bead which Koong-se had given to Chang, floated to the water's edge. Koong-se knew that her lover was not far away.

She was soon dismayed to learn that she had been betrothed to Ta-jin, a noble warrior Duke. She was full of despair when it was announced that her future husband, the noble Duke, was arriving, bearing a gift of jewels to celebrate his betrothal.

However, after the banquet, borrowing the robes of a servant, Chang passed through the guests unseen and came to Koong-se's room. They embraced and vowed to run away together. The Mandarin, the Duke, the guests, and all the servants had drunk so much wine that the couple almost got away without detection, but Koong-se's father saw her at the last minute and gave chase across the bridge.

The couple escaped and stayed with the maid that Koong-se's father had dismissed for conspiring with the lovers. Koong-se had given the casket of jewels to Chang and the Mandarin, who was also a magistrate, swore that he would use the jewels as a pretext to execute Chang when he caught him.

One night the Mandarin's spies reported that a man was hiding in a house by the river and the Mandarin's guards raided the house. But Chang had jumped into the ragging torrent and Koong-se thought that he had drowned. Some days later the guards returned to search the house again. While Koong-se's maid talked to them, Chang came by boat to            the window and took Koong-se away to safety.

They settled on a distant island, and over the years Chang became famous for his writings. This was to prove his undoing. The Mandarin heard about him and sent guards to destroy him. Chang was put to the sword and Koong-se set fire to the house while she was still inside.

Thus they both perished and the gods, touched by their love, immortalised them as two doves, eternally flying together in the sky.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conclusion.

Knowledge of the manufacture of ceramics listed in this work may be useful to me on many subjects such as history, geography, chemistry, art, physics, and technology. At history lessons it will be useful in dates of ceramics manufacture, technology of manufacturing the ceramics of the ancient people, and changes in process in connection with the development and improvement of society. At geography lessons knowledge about locations of manufacture and the manufacture of ceramics will be useful. Places of its production for the manufacture of ceramic products. The location of large industrial objects in the manufacturing of ceramics was about the architectural characteristics of cities. At chemistry lessons can be useful knowledge about the chemical composition of the ceramics. What chemical elements are used for the manufacture of ceramic products for processing and decoration of ceramics. On fine arts lessons I will need knowledge on types of ceramic painting, to national traditions of painting. For studying physics, knowledge about the properties of firm breeds, including clay and so on will be useful. At technology lessons knowledge on the formation of ceramic products, means of plastic formation, the methods of decoration, production technologies of ceramic products will be used. Working at the paper on "Ceramics", I have learned a lot of new, interesting and great information on the history of ceramics, ceramic products. I was very attracted by the technology of manufacturing of ceramics. I am very pleased that my homeland Ural engaged in manufacturing, improvement and invention of ceramic products. It is very interesting that ceramics is used not only as household items and jewelry, but also in such serious industrial areas as medicine, architecture and construction. 
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Examples of products from ceramics

 

 

 

 

Porcelain

 

                                                                   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Museums of ceramic products.

Archaeological Museum of Ceramics founded in 1937 in Athens.

Garden Museum was founded in 1984 in Canada.

 

 

The national ceramics Museum or the Museum of Sevres Porcelain was founded in 1824.

 

 

 

 

Literature

Bubbico Giovanna «Ceramics: machinery, materials», Moscow, Niola-press, 2009

Scott Marilyn «Ceramics. Encyclopedia», Moscow, Art-Rodnik, 2012

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0