Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 23 Мая 2015 в 21:55, реферат
Since ancient times, BC, people used ceramic products at home. The word ceramics originates from Greek and means pottery. Ceramic items from ancient times received by firing clay. Clay is very common in nature that’s why pottery is widely developed and easily spread in different parts of the world. The first potteries were building materials: brick, tile, economic dishes-plates, pots, jugs.
1. The title page……………………………………………………………………1
2. Contents…………………………………………………………………………2
3. Introduction……………………………………………………………………..3
4. Part I: History of the appearance of ceramics…………………………………..4
4.1. The emergence of ceramics………………………………………………….4
4.2. The most ancient kinds of ceramics…………………………………………4
4.3. Stoneware ceramics………………………………………………………….5
5. Part II: Ceramic products ……………………………………………………….6
5.1 Porcelain……………………………………………………………………...6
5.2 Faience………………………………………………………………………..7
5.3 Brick………………………………………………………………………….7
5.4 Refractory materials………………………………………………………….8
6. Part III : Types of ceramics……………………………………………………..9
6.1 Products with a porous shard………………………………………………...9
6.2 Products with dense shard……………………………………………………9
6.3 Division of ceramic products for constructive purposes……………………..9
6.4 Products of plastic molding, dry pressing and injection……………………..9
7. Part IV: Technology of production of ceramic products………………………10
7.1 Stages of the production of ceramic products……………………………….10
7.2 Clay dough…………………………………………………………………..10
7.3 Additional processing……………………………………………………….10
7.4 Moulding ceramic products…………………………………………………10
7.5 Casting in plaster moulds……………………………………………………11
7.6 Dry products…………………………………………………………………11
8. Part V: Ceramics of the Ural…………………………………………………...12
8.1 The pottery of Perm Krai……………………………………………………12
8.2 The Stahl’s Pottery…………………………………………………………..12
8.3Pottery of Kungur…………………………………………………………….12
9. Part VI: Changes to the "Willow Pattern"……………………………………...13
10. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….16
11. Attachment……………………………………………………………………17
12. Literature……………………………………………………………………...21