Development of mass media

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What are your associations with mass media? Make a list of them.
What mass media do you know? Classify them into some groups.
What mass medium appeared firstlast? Prove your answer.

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There are many different types of blogs, differing not only in the type of content, but also in the way that content is delivered or written.

   

Personal blogs

   

The personal blog, an ongoing diary or commentary by an individual, is the traditional, most common blog. Personal bloggers usually take pride in their blog posts, even if their blog is never read by anyone but them. Blogs often become more than a way to just communicate; they become a way to reflect on life or works of art. Blogging can have a sentimental quality. Few personal blogs rise to fame and the mainstream, but some personal blogs quickly garner an extensive following. A type of personal blog is referred to as “microblogging”, which is extremely detailed blogging as it seeks to capture a moment in time. Sites, such as Twitter, allow bloggers to share thoughts and feelings instantaneously with friends and family and is much faster than e-mailing or writing.

   

Corporate and organizational blogs

   

A blog can be private, as in most cases, or it can be for business purposes. Blogs, either used internally to enhance the communication and culture in a corporation or externally for marketing, branding or public relations purposes are called corporate blogs. Similar blogs for clubs and societies are called club blogs, group blogs, or by similar names; typical use is to inform members and other interested parties of club and member activities.

   

By genre

   

Some blogs focus on a particular subject, such as political blogs, travel blogs (also known as travelogs), house blogs, fashion blogs, project blogs, education blogs, niche blogs, classical music blogs, quizzing blogs and legal blogs (often referred to as a blawgs) or dreamlogs. Two common types of genre blogs are art blogs and music blogs. A blog featuring discussions especially about home and family is not uncommonly called a mom blog. While not a legitimate type of blog, one used for the sole purpose of spamming is known as a Splog.

   

By media type

   

A blog comprising videos is called a vlog, one comprising links is called a linklog, a site containing a portfolio of sketches is called a sketchblog or one comprising photos is called a photoblog. Blogs with shorter posts and mixed media types are called tumblelogs. Blogs that are written on typewriters and then scanned are called typecast or typecast blogs; see typecasting (blogging).

   

A rare type of blog hosted on the Gopher Protocol is known as a Phlog.

   

By device

   

Blogs can also be defined by which type of device is used to compose it. A blog written by a mobile device like a mobile phone or PDA could be called a moblog. One early blog was Wearable Wireless Webcam, an online shared diary of a person's personal life combining text, video, and pictures transmitted live from a wearable computer and EyeTap device to a web site. This practice of semi-automated blogging with live video together with text was referred to as sousveillance. Such journals have been used as evidence in legal matters. 

   

Blurring with the mass media

   

Many bloggers, particularly those engaged in participatory journalism, differentiate themselves from the mainstream media, while others are members of that media working through a different channel. Some institutions see blogging as a means of “getting around the filter” and pushing messages directly to the public. Some critics worry that bloggers respect neither copyright nor the role of the mass media in presenting society with credible news. Bloggers and other contributors to user-generated content are behind Time magazine naming their 2006 person of the year as “you”.

   

Many mainstream journalists, meanwhile, write their own blogs – well over 300, according to CyberJournalist.net’s J-blog list. The first known use of a blog on a news site was in August 1998, when Jonathan Dube of The Charlotte Observer published one chronicling Hurricane Bonnie.

   

Some bloggers have moved over to other media. The following bloggers (and others) have appeared on radio and television: Duncan Black (known widely by his pseudonym, Atrios), Glenn Reynolds (Instapundit), Markos Moulitsas Zúniga (Daily Kos), Alex Steffen (Worldchanging) and Ana Marie Cox (Wonkette). In counterpoint, Hugh Hewitt exemplifies a mass-media personality who has moved in the other direction, adding to his reach in “old media” by being an influential blogger. Equally many established authors, for example Mitzi Szereto have started using Blogs to not only update fans on their current works but also to expand into new areas of writing.

   

Blogs have also had an influence on minority languages, bringing together scattered speakers and learners; this is particularly so with blogs in Gaelic languages. Minority language publishing (which may lack economic feasibility) can find its audience through inexpensive blogging.

   

There are many examples of bloggers who have published books based on their blogs, e.g., Salam Pax, Ellen Simonetti, Jessica Cutler, ScrappleFace. Blog-based books have been given the name blook. A prize for the best blog-based book was initiated in 2005, the Lulu Blooker Prize. However, success has been elusive offline, with many of these books not selling as well as their blogs. Only blogger Tucker Max made the New York Times Bestseller List. The book based on Julie Powell’s blog “The Julie/Julia Project” was made into the film Julie & Julia, apparently the first to do so (From encyclopedia Wikipedia). 

   

II. Scan the text and say whether these sentences true or false:

  1. Entries of a blog are commonly displayed in reverse-chronological order.
  2. It’s forbidden for readers to leave comments in blogs.
  3. A type of personal blog is referred to as “macroblogging”.
  4. There are no classical music blogs.
  5. Splog (Spa+blog) is a blog, where you can see information about Spa centers round the world.
  6. Some critics worry that bloggers respect neither copyright nor the role of the mass media in presenting society with credible news.
  7. There are few examples of bloggers who have published books based on their blogs.
 

   

III. Match the blog-related terms with their definitions. You also may use the dictionary.

  1. Post
  2. Blogger
  3. Blogroll
  4. Milblog
  5. Mommy blog
  6. Photoblog
  7. Audioblog
  1. A list of blogs on a blog
  1. A blog featuring discussions especially about home and family.
  2. A blog where the posts consist mainly of voice recordings sent by mobile phone,
  3. Term for blogs written by members or veterans of any branch of military service
  4. A blog featuring discussions especially about home and family.
  5. An entry written and published to a blog.
  6. Person who runs a blog.
  7. A blog mostly containing photos, posted constantly and chronologically.

   

 

   

IV. PROJECT/WRITING ACTIVITY/NETWORKING

   

You are a young journalist. On your e-mail address you receive a letter, informing you about the competition “Create your own journalistic blog and win a villa in Miami and a chance to be a distant reporter for BBC”. You are eager to participate. Start your own blog on: blog.friendster.com. Present your own blog to the class.

   

Alternative task: You can create a collaborative blog. A collaborative blog is a type of web log

in which posts are written and published by more than one author. 
 

   

GRAMMAR FOCUS 

   

I. Focus on grammar. Study the following material on Present Tenses. Illustrate these rules by your examples.

   

Present Simple

   

FORM

  • I / You work. – He / She / It works.
  • Do you work? – Does he work? Yes, I do./No, he doesn’t.
  • I do not (don’t) work. – He does not (doesn’t) work.

   

USE

    The present simple is used:

  • for permanent states, repeated actions and daily routines.

    He works at a hotel. (permanent state)

    He lays the tables and serves dinner every day. (daily routine/repeated actions)

  • for general truths and laws of nature.

    It rarely rains in the desert.

  • for timetables (trains, planes, etc.) and programmes.

    The plane to London takes off at 6:50 am.

  • for sports commentaries, reviews and narration.

    Hill kicks the ball and passes it to Dawson. (sports commentary)

    Laura Hunt acts superbly in the film. (review)

    So, the prince tells her... (narration)            

   

The present simple is used with the following time expressions: always, usually, etc., every day/week/ month/year, etc., on Mondays/Tuesdays, etc., in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, at night/the weekend, etc.

   

Present Continuous

   

FORM

  • I  am working. – He / She / It  is working. – You / We /  They are working
  • Are you working? – Is he working? Yes, I am./No, he isn’t.
  • I am not working. – He is not (isn’t) working.

   

USE

  • action in progress at the moment of speaking

    Where are the children? They are watching TV.

  • action in the near future

    They are going on holiday in a few days.

   

The present continuous is used with the following time expressions: at the moment, now

   

Present Perfect

   

FORM

   

I / You have arrived.

   

He /she / It has arrived.

   

Have you arrived? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.

   

You have not (haven’t) arrived.

   

He /she / It has not (hasn’t) arrived.

   

USE

   

We use the Present Perfect for a period of time that continues from the past until now. The Present Perfect always has a connection with now.

   

It hasn’t rained this week.

   

Have you seen Ann this morning? (it is still morning)

   

Ian lives in London. He has lived there for seven years.

   

I have never played golf. (in my life)

   

The present perfect is used with the following time expressions: for, since, lately, recently, already, yet, just, ever, never.

   

II. Grammar Activity

   

1. The following exercise presents you various headlines from newspapers. Open the brackets using Present Simple Tense. Translate sentences into Russian.

  1. India (cut) trade bonds.
  2. Immigrants (boost) wage levels.
  3. Virus (kill) babies.
  4. Government (promise) crackdown on drug dealers.
  5. Genetic centre (get) the go-ahead.
  6. Bishop (lash) TV violence.
  7. Mob (attack) killer.
  8. How often (do/does) you (buy) computer games for your kid?
  9. (Do/does) you (go) to expensive shops?
  10. She never (drive) to work but today…
  11. (Do/does) your boss often (ask) you to work overtime?

   

2. The following exercise presents you some information about the media.

   

Convert each sentence into a question and a negative one.

   

The media include print media such as newspapers and magazines, and electronic media such as radio and television.

   

The press usually refers just to newspapers, but the term can be extended to include magazines.

   

Tabloids often have very large circulations (number sold) and even bigger readerships (total number of people reading them). Printed periodicals, newspapers, and other publications appear at regular intervals, for example, a daily comes out every day, a fortnightly  –  once in two weeks (once a fortnight).

   

National newspapers circulate all over the country. They cover national or home news as well as news from abroad or international news. Local newspapers (or regional papers) serve community interests. In the local press the terms “popular” or “quality” have no real significance, the papers tend to be politically neutral. They contain articles which feature the life of the local community as well as details of local theater and cinema performances. Such newspapers carry a lot of advertisement.

   

3. Use the verbs in brackets in the correct tense forms The Present Continuous or the Present Indefinite.

  1. My elder sister (travel) around Scotland now. She always (travel) in summer.
  2. Who you (wait) for? – I (wait) for Ann, she must come in ten minutes.
  3. London (stand) on the river Thames.
  4. My dad (not work) at the moment. Today is his day off.
  5. Usually the Englishmen (live) in their own houses not flats.
  6. Ann is in America for three months. She (learn) English.

   

4. Write ten sentences hard news about present events using the Present Perfect. 

   

LISTENING ACTIVITY

   

Blog

   

I. Pre-listening discussion work

   

Do you ever do these things? Say how often and give examples.

  • Read the news on the Internet
  • Shop on the Internet
  • Watch videos on the Internet
  • Listen to Internet radio
  • Write things for a web page
  • Use chat rooms on the Internet
  • Put photographs on the Internet
  • Search for information on the Internet

    II. Listening

   

1. You are going to listen to a short talk given by Professor Crystal of the University of Wales about language change and new developments in English.

Decide if the following statements are true or false, according to Professor Crystal:

  • In 2001, Professor Crystal didn’t know about the word ‘blog’.
  • The original word, web log, was only a noun.
  • People usually update their blogs once a week.
  • Professor Crystal thinks the two types of blog are very similar.
  • Professor Crytsal thinks there won’t be any more new blog words.
  • If you have blogarrhoea, you can’t stop writing your blog.

   

2. Listen to Professor Crystal talking about the use of the word ‘blog’ in English and answer these questions.

  • What word is ‘blog’ a shortened version of?
  • What is a ‘blog’ most similar to?

    a letter

    a newspaper article

    a diary

    a novel

  • Which two types of blog does he mention?
  • Which of these new words does he mention in this part of the talk?

    blogger

    blogosphere

    blogmania

    blogarrhoea

   

III. After-listening discussion work

  • Do you agree or disagree with these statements. Discuss with a partner
  • Blogging is waste of time for the blogger and the reader.
  • Young people spend too much time surfing the web.
  • The Internet makes all our lives easier.
  • E-mail puts to much pressure on people’s lives.
  • I could not live without the Internet.
  • The Internet is just a way for big corporations to make more money.
  • The Internet has very few disadvantages.

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