Development of mass media

   Body

   The body is the 'real' presentation. If the introduction was well prepared and delivered, you will now be 'in control'. You will be relaxed and confident.

   The body should be well structured, divided up logically, with plenty of carefully spaced visuals.

   Remember these key points while delivering the body of your presentation:

• do not hurry
• be enthusiastic
• give time on visuals
• maintain eye contact
• modulate your voice
• look friendly
• keep to your structure
• use your notes
• signpost throughout
• remain polite when dealing with difficult questions

   Conclusion

   Use the conclusion to:

• Sum up
• (Give recommendations if appropriate)
• Thank your audience
• Invite questions

   The following table shows examples of language for each of these functions. You may need to modify the language as appropriate. 

   Questions

   Questions are a good opportunity for you to interact with your audience. It may be helpful for you to try to predict what questions will be asked so that you can prepare your response in advance. You may wish to accept questions at any time during your presentation, or to keep a time for questions after your presentation. Normally, it's your decision, and you should make it clear during the introduction. Be polite with all questioners, even if they ask difficult questions. They are showing interest in what you have to say and they deserve attention. Sometimes you can reformulate a question. Or answer the question with another question. Or even ask for comment from the rest of the audience. 
 

   GRAMMAR FOCUS 

   I. Focus on grammar. Study the following material on There is\there are. Illustrate these rules by your examples.

   There is/There are is a common phrase in English, used to indicate that something "exists" (существует, есть) or is (находится) in a certain location. The main subject follows the verb when there is/are is used.

       

                                           

+ There is\are + subject + place\time …

   e.g. There is an apple on the table.

       There are 15 students in our group.

                                               - There isn’t\ there aren’t + subject + place\time …

                                               -  There is no\There are no +subject+place\time… 

   e.g. There isn't a computer in my bedroom.

       There aren't any cinemas in this town.

                                              ?  Is\Are there + subject + place\time …

   e.g. Is there a restaurant here?       Yes, there is. / No, there isn't

                                                         

To be

 
 

   II. Grammar Activity

   1. Add there is or there are to the following sentences.

      1) …many parks in New York.

      2) … a telephone I can use?

      3) … sites on the Internet that are really useful.

      4) … no free notebooks in the office.

      5) …. some articles in the newspaper about this festival.

      6) … any cheap hotels near here?

      7) … various mass media today.

      8) … no a musical channel in my house.

   2. Describe TV\radio programmes of a channel\radio station, Internet resources, etc. using There is\There are.

            e.g. In our city there are ….. TV channels. There is one musical channel, some news channels, etc. There are ….. programmes on …. channel. There is a programme about….  . There are no programmes about\with ……   etc. 

(10 sentences). 

   LISTENING ACTIVITY

  “To Google” by Professor David Crystal

   I. Match these words and phrases to their definitions.

       coinage                       a big letter, like ‘G’, not ‘g’

       a hit                            a machine used to clean a carpet or floor

       penalty                       when a search engine finds a search word on a web page

       a trademark              a symbol or name that represents a company or product

      a capital letter           a form of a word

       a vacuum cleaner      punishment

   II. a) ‘Google’ is a noun – the name of a company and a search engine – and a verb. Look at the words in the box. Which ones are both nouns and verbs, which ones have a different form for the noun? Sort them into the two boxes [A and B] and give the noun form if it is different.

      inform   damage   shop   educate   interest   entertain   choose   interview

      wait     witness   lose    structure     solve      select       close       stay 

    b) Put the correct form of the words in box A in the sentences below.

a. The police are looking for any ________ to the crime.

b. Cars have been ________ the environment for over a hundred years.

c. I prefer not to _______ in supermarkets, I go to local stores instead.

d. He’s a TV presenter. He ________ film stars about their lives and careers.

e. He said that my essay has got a good _______ but the grammar is poor.

f. So tell me about your free time, what _______ do you have?

g. Sorry, the traffic was terrible. Have you been _______ long?

h. How long did she ________ at her friend’s house?

   III. Listen to Professor Crystal. State if the following statements are true or false.

1. In 1990 a language society said google was the most useful word.
2. The name ‘Google’ comes from a word used in mathematics.
3. Professor Crystal comments that the Google search engine might be too effective.
4. The company Google thinks the verb should be written ‘google’, not  ‘Google’.
5. Professor Crystal says that the company name ‘Hoover’ is also used as a verb.
6. Professor Crystal thinks that businesses cannot manage the way people use their names and trademarks.

   IV. Discuss these questions with a partner.

1. How often do you use the Internet and what for?
2. How do you find things on the Internet - which search engines do you use?
3. Do you have a preferred search engine? Why do you usually use that one? Do you use different search engines for different things e.g. shopping?
4. How long do you think it usually takes you to find what you are looking for?
5. Do you ever get frustrated and give up your search?
6. Could search engines be improved?
7. Are you a frequent googler?

Glossary

 
 

Module II. POWER OF MODERN COMMUNICATION 

Unit 1. TYPES OF MEDIA

Lead-in:

   Answer the following questions, compare your opinions in a group discussion.

• What are the different media of mass communication?
• What do we understand by mass communication?
• What is the difference between print and electronic media?
• What    is    the    difference    between    face-to-face    and    mass communication?

I. Scan the text below and find the definitions for the following terms:

Mass media, print media, electronic media, news media 

THE MEDIA

   The media include print media such as newspapers and magazines, and electronic media such as radio and television.

   The word media is most often used to refer to the communication of news, and in this context means the same as news media.

   Media and mass media are often used when discussing the power of modern communications.

   The press usually refers just to newspapers, but the term can be extended to include magazines.

   THE PRESS

   Newspapers are either tabloid, a format usually associated in the English speaking world with popular press or broadsheet, associated with quality journalism. Tabloids are sometimes referred to as a gutter press by people who disapprove of them. Tabloids often have very large circulations (number sold) and even bigger readerships (total number of people reading them). Papers such as these are often referred to as mass circulation papers.

   Printed periodicals, newspapers, and other publications appear at regular intervals, for example, a daily comes out every day, a fortnightly – once in two weeks (once a fortnight).

   National newspapers circulate all over the country. They cover national or home news as well as news from abroad or international news. Local newspapers (or regional papers) serve community interests. In the local press the terms “popular” or “quality” have no real significance, the papers tend to be politically neutral. They contain articles which feature the life of the local community as well as details of local theater and cinema performances. Such newspapers carry a lot of advertisement.

   Sunday papers. Popular Sunday papers published in Britain on Sundays are national ones. Quality Sunday papers devote large sections to literature and the arts, business and sport, and have long feature articles which explore specific subjects in depth. They come with color supplements or magazines. There are a growing number of free sheets – papers delivered free to every house in the area. Some of these have an editorial content, but many consist largely of the advertising which finances them.

   ELECTRONIC MEDIA

   Programmes on radio and television may be referred to formally as broadcasts; and they may be referred to informally as shows, specially in American English.

   Programmes or shows on radio and television are often presented or hosted by a programme host. Popular music Programmes are presented by disc jockeys or DJs.

   News programmes may be hosted, fronted, or anchored by anchors famous in their own right, sometimes more famous than the people in the news. Variations of the noun anchor are shown above.