20. The price of a product is determined by the interaction of demand and supply.

Цена  изделия определена взаимодействием  спроса и предложения.

21. Each individual firm may obtain its components and other requirements at relatively low cost because they are being mass produced for the industry.

Каждая  частная фирма может получить её компоненты и то что ей требуется  помимо за относительно низкую цену, так как это всё массово производится для промышленности.

22. When the various statutory documents have been submitted to the registrar and have been duly accepted by him, he will issue a Certificate of the corporation which bestows upon the company a separate legal identity.

Когда различные установленные законом  документы были представлены регистратору, и были должным образом приняты  им, он выпустит Свидетельство о  корпорации, которое определит компанию как отдельное юридическое лицо.

23. They sent the goods two weeks ago; so they could have arrived by now.

Они послали  товары две недели назад; так что  они, возможно, прибыли к настоящему времени.

24. All invoices must be paid not later than 30 days from the date of issue.

Все счета  нужно заплатить не позже чем 30 дней от даты выпуска.

25. If you want my advice, you should find another supplier.

Если  Вы хотите мой совет, Вы должны найти  другого поставщика.

12. Прочитайте и переведите  текст устно. Выполните задания после текста.

Applications and Interviews

 

     In different countries, different conventions apply to the process of job application and interviews. In most parts of the world, it’s common to submit a typed or laser-printed CV (curriculum vitae – British English) or résumé (American English). This contain all the unchanging information about you: your education, background and work experience. This usually accompanies a letter of application, which in some countries is expected to be hand-written, not word-processed. A supplementary information sheet containing information relevant to this particular job may also be required, though this is not used in some countries.

     Many companies expect all your personal information to be entered on a standard application form. Unfortunately, no tow application forms are alike, and filling in each one may present unexpected difficulties. Some personnel departments believe that the CV and application letter give a better impression of a candidate than a form.

     There are different kinds of interviews: traditional one-to-one interviews, panel interviews where one or more candidates are interviewed by a panel of interviewers and even “deep-end” interviews where applicants have to demonstrate how they can cope in actual business situations. The atmosphere of an interview may vary from the informal to the formal and the interviewers may take a friendly, neutral or even hostile approach. Different interviewers use different techniques and the only rules that applicants should be aware of may be “Expect the unexpected” and “Be yourself”!

     Progress interviews are interviews where employees have a chance to review the work they are doing and to set objectives for the future. Such interviews usually take place after a new employee has been working within a company for several months, and after that they may take place once or twice a year.

     In different countries, and in different trades and different grades, the salary that goes with a job may be only part of the package: extra benefits like a company car or cheap housing loans, bonuses paid in a “thirteenth month”, company pension schemes, free canteen meals, long holidays or flexible working hours may all contribute to the attractiveness of a job.        

12.1. Найдите в тексте 7 предложений с  модальными глаголами,  выпишите их, подчеркните модальные глаголы и переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.   

- A supplementary information sheet containing information relevant to this particular job may also be required, though this is not used in some countries.

Может потребоваться также список дополнительной информации, содержащий информацию относительно предыдущей работы, но он не используется в некоторых странах. 

- There are different kinds of interviews: traditional one-to-one interviews, panel interviews where one or more candidates are interviewed by a panel of interviewers and even “deep-end” interviews where applicants have to demonstrate how they can cope in actual business situations.

Существуют  различные виды интервью: традиционное собеседование один на один, групповое собеседование, где одного или более кандидатов опрашивает комиссия, а также собеседование – «погружение», где кандидаты должны продемонстрировать как они могут справляться с реальной деловой ситуацией. 

- The atmosphere of an interview may vary from the informal to the formal and the interviewers may take a friendly, neutral or even hostile approach.

Атмосфера собеседования может варьироваться  от неформальной до формальной, и корреспондент  может вести себя дружелюбно, нейтрально и даже неприязненно. 

- Different interviewers use different techniques and the only rules that applicants should be aware of may be “Expect the unexpected” and “Be yourself”!

Различные корреспонденты используют различные  технологии, и есть только правила, которых следует придерживаться кандидатам – это «ожидай неожиданностей» и «будь собой». 

- Such interviews usually take place after a new employee has been working within a company for several months, and after that they may take place once or twice a year.

Такие собеседования обычно проводят после того, как новый служащий проработает в кампании несколько месяцев, а после этого может быть проведено только через один или два года. 

- In different countries, and in different trades and different grades, the salary that goes with a job may be only part of the package: extra benefits like a company car or cheap housing loans, bonuses paid in a “thirteenth month”, company pension schemes, free canteen meals, long holidays or flexible working hours may all contribute to the attractiveness of a job.

В разных странах,  и в различных организациях и на различных этапах, заработная плата, идущая за работу является только частью пакета: дополнительные льготы, такие как служебная машина или недорогая ссуда на жильё, «тринадцатая заработная плата», премии, питание за счёт фирмы, продолжительный отпуск на гибкий график работы, может быть составляющей привлекательной частью работы. 

12.2. Найдите в 4-м абзаце текста предложение, содержащее глагол в Present Continuous tense, выпишите его и переведите письменно на русский язык. 

- Progress interviews are interviews where employees have a chance to review the work they are doing and to set objectives for the future.

Прогрессивное интервью – это интервью, где  служащий имеет шанс рассмотреть  работу, которую он выполняет и установить цели на будущее. 

13. Прочитайте и устно  переведите текст,  содержащий рекомендации по составлению CV/Resume. Выполните задание после текста.

     Effective Resumes

     A resume supplies the pertinent work and other experience, education, and personal information by which employers judge a job applicant’s qualifications. No resume alone will guarantee a job. But it can do a great deal to get the applicant a favorable hearing. A good resume opens doors to interviews; a poor one closes them.

     Employers usually conduct personal interviews before hiring a person for a position of real responsibility. They want to learn everything they can about an applicant. They want to make certain that the applicant’s personal qualities match the requirements of position that is open. Not least, they want to see the kind of impression the applicant makes in person.

     There are various ways to set up an effective resume, but at the least your resume should meet the requirements of clarity, compactness, and completeness. For most resumes, a perfectly typed and intelligently arranged listing of qualifications is sufficient. Note that the typing should be perfect – no handwritten corrections or insertions of any kind.

     Once you have achieved a perfect master copy, however, the tedious work is done: from then on, you will be able to make photocopies of this master copy, and the photocopies are what you will mail out. Keep the master (do not fold it or let it get soiled) in case more copies have to be made. Should you apply for another position a year or two later, this master can easily be updated and retyped.

     Depending on whether your resume is being prepared for an entry-level or a more advanced position, the weight given to the separate elements will vary. All resumes you create, however, will include the following.

     1. Your name, mailing address, and phone number where you can be reached during working hours.

     2. Your work experience. This category will, of course, list any jobs in the same field in which you are now seeking employment. But any related work experience should also be cited.

     3. Your educational background, including any college and advanced degrees and fields of specialization.

     4. Any volunteer experience, hobbies, or special skills you have that are pertinent to the job you are applying for.

     5. References. It is current practice not to list the names and addresses of people willing to supply references. On your resume, instead, supply a line reading “References supplied on request”, “References available upon request”, or similar wording.

  In addition, you may want to include a line indicating the type of job you are seeking.

     In the past many people included personal statistics on their resumes – birth date, height and weight, marital status, and physical condition. This information is no longer considered relevant. In fact, legislation forbidding discrimination against women, against the handicapped, and so forth makes it inadvisable to include such data.

     The two principal ways of setting up the information in the resume are chronological and functional.

     In a chronological resume the separate categories of education and work experience are listed backward in the order of occurrence-most recent job first, then the one preceding it, and so forth; latest degree earned or latest school attended first, and so on.

     In a functional resume, work experience is divided not by time but by the kind of work performed-administrative, for example, or work requiring the operation of certain machinery or equipment, and the like. The other categories (such as hobbies) follow the same pattern established for each type of resume.

     Your resume will also vary somewhat depending on whether you are seeking work for the first time or have a background of related work experience to offer. If you are seeking work for the first time, list your educational background first and in the greatest detail. If you have had jobs in the field in which you are seeking employment, supply your work experience first and make it highly specific. You then may summarize your educational background in a few lines.  

13.1. Переведите на  русский язык слова  и словосочетания. 

pertinent work – подходящая работа

experience - опыт

applicant’s qualifications – квалификации претендента

conduct - поведение

personal interviews – личные интервью

personal qualities - личные качества

match the requirements – соответствующий требованиям

in person – в человеке

handwritten corrections – рукописные исправления

tedious work – утомительная работа

updated - обновленный

working hours – рабочие часы

employment - занятость

educational background – образовательный уровень

special skills – специальные навыки

apply for a job – применительно к работе

references available upon request – рекомендации доступные после запроса

marital status – семейное положение

relevant - уместный

include - включить 

13.2. Найдите в тексте и напишите ответы на следующие вопросы. 

1. What does a resume supply?

- A resume supplies the pertinent work and other experience, education, and personal information by which employers judge a job applicant’s qualifications.

2. What do employers usually do before hiring a person for a position of real responsibility?

- Employers usually conduct personal interviews before hiring a person for a position of real responsibility.

3. What are the possible ways to set up an effective resume?

- The two principal ways of setting up the information in the resume are chronological and functional.

4. What requirements should your resume meet?

- For most resumes, a perfectly typed and intelligently arranged listing of qualifications is sufficient.

5. Are corrections and insertions permitted in the resumes?

- No, aren’t it.

6. What must all the resumes include?

- Resume includes your name, mailing address, and phone number where you can be reached during working hours, your work experience, educational background, including any college and advanced degrees and fields of specialization, any volunteer experience, hobbies, or special skills, references.

7. Describe the two principal ways of setting up the information in the resume.

- In a chronological resume the separate categories of education and work experience are listed backward in the order of occurrence.

In a functional resume, work experience is divided not by time but by the kind of work performed-administrative. 

14. Руководствуясь правилами  написания резюме, данными в тексте задания 13, заполните его информацией, данной ниже, расположив ее в нужном порядке. 

1. St Andrew's Board of Governors, rugby, drama, chess

     2. 1996-99 Intelel London, UK

           National Sales Manager

     - Increased sales from £60 million to £100 million.

     - Doubled sales per representative from £5 to £10 million.

• Implemented Internet sales grossing £25 million

     3. 1991-95   Teletrona Systems Edinburgh, UK

           Northern Sales Manager

     - Increased regional sales from £95 million to £200 million.

     - Expanded sales team from 30 to 60 representatives.

• Suggested new services adding £35 million to revenue.

     4. 1982-86 London University London, UK 

     – BA, Business Administration and Information Systems

     – Captain of university Rugby Club.