Foreign borrowing in the Russian language

Just look at the use of the two foreign words: "flood", which means a meaningless message, the text of which bears no meaning, and "ban" - blocking the user is online, forbids him to send messages.

"Russian speakers do not just use these words, they they are transformed, resulting in there are such growths as" flood "- to write meaningless messages or" fludilnya "which is used in the context of" not to breed fludilnya "," do fludilnya " ban - that is to ban anyone straighten the message. " These words that exist in the slang of Internet users, are a vivid illustration of the possibility of the language system to accept, absorb and process new information. Language monitor your system and its purity, but a significant impact on the development of language is the people themselves.

"Borrowing is in every language. In some more, some less, but they can not help, no matter how hard you try. After all, foreign words, as a rule, international, international, indicate the terms and subject to joint common among this people, from this culture and language of other cultures and peoples. And for this reason alone, in order not to remain in the closed solitude and isolation from the common ways of mankind, should not avoid them, but probably not impossible. " What word can be replaced by native kimonos, ikebana, the mistral, corsets, bowl, and who is to come into your head?

Finally, none of the language of science, art, politics, law, music, sports is unthinkable without them.

And how do without a coat, scarf, diplomat (portfolio), hats, umbrellas, car, tram, subway, trolley, coffee, tea, cigarettes, cigarettes, purse - we need foreigners, many of whom are gone and forgotten, along with objects, blowing archaic, meeting in the literature - curls, puffs, livery, cardigans, stacks, boots, clutches, corsets, but many have appeared recently? And so constantly: some come, others go, what - some of them still long and ever, get used to it, according to relatives, some - the only guest posidevshy, pobyvshy and gone to him. Should we expel them indiscriminately, replacing its homegrown and does not accept the language? However, in recent years the flow of loans is so great that makes to think seriously about the future of the Russian language. Speaking Russian man is packed with British and American expressions of not the best quality. A wave of foreign-language borrowing, pouring into our language thanks to a number of historical events and technological breakthroughs, has made it almost impossible to use spoken language without borrowing. Moreover, the process of globalization and the development of high technology makes the process virtually endless borrowing penetration.

This situation causes serious problems to attend to the development of the Russian language. By borrowing should be treated with great caution, because nowadays there is a tendency to increase the number of foreign language vocabulary in our language. Russian language has always been open to borrowing. Since the era of intensive vocabulary borrowings in connection with the reforms of Peter I in all areas of life in Russia, our language is guided by the western culture that has caused the penetration of numerous borrowings from Western European languages. At the turn of the century while rushing with such speed that it is not time to reflect on everything new that appeared literally yesterday and this morning. It is also rapidly changing the language, or rather its vocabulary, ie its vocabulary.

Review of the issues related to the theory and practice of borrowing, especially important in the present conditions, since today expressed serious concerns about the strong influx of borrowing, which could lead to the devaluation of the Russian word. The openness of our society leads to a significant expansion of horizons of knowledge and the Russians, to improve knowledge of foreign languages. Intensified business, shopping, cultural ties, foreign tourism has blossomed; It became commonplace long work of our experts in the institutions of other countries, functioning on the territory of Russian joint Russian-foreign companies. It has increased the need for intensive dialogue with people who use other languages. And this is - an essential condition not only for the direct borrowing vocabulary from these languages, but also to be attached to the carrier of the Russian language international (and more often - created on the basis of English), terminological system. In the process, I consider the following questions: how society reacts to such an abundance of anglicisms in the Russian language?

To answer the question Murzin Svetlana asked a questionnaire to residents Shymkent. In order to reveal people's attitude to the use of Anglicisms in speech and establish some loan words are the most commonly used were asked the following question: "What is Anglicism?" "Irritating Are you an abundance of Anglicisms in modern Russian language?", "Do you drink Anglicisms in everyday speech? "," Do you think Anglicisms enrich our language, make it richer and better, or impoverish the Russian language, distorting and perverting it? "

Total participated in the survey of 50 people: 15 people under the age of eighteen years, 25 people between the ages of 18 and 35 and 10 people over 35 years old.

The findings of the survey results were analyzed and converted into a percentage.

When answering the question "What is Anglicism?" 96% of respondents gave the correct answer: a word or an expression borrowed from the English language.  

To the question: "Do you Irritating abundance of Anglicisms in modern Russian?" 16% (8 people) responded that, yes, annoying, 32% (16 people) said that a little bit; 52% (26 people) did not irritate the abundance of anglicisms in the Russian language. Among the people who responded that they irritate Anglicisms 6 people are in the age group older than 35 years.

The results of the analysis of the question: "Do you drink Anglicisms in everyday speech?" Revealed that 50% of the respondents (25 people) - regularly use, 26% (13 people) - sometimes, 14% (7chelovek) - rarely and 10% (5chelovek) never use borrowing in a speech. Among the respondents, people who answered that it is not consumed and rarely use Anglicisms belong to the age group over 35 years.

To find the ratio of foreign loans in the Russian language, I was asked: "Do you think Anglicisms enrich our language, make it richer and better, or impoverish Russian, mangling it and perverting?" 64% (32 people) believe that Anglicisms enrich the Russian language, while 36% of respondents, on the contrary believe that distort and impoverish their native language, they mostly are those whose age is over 35 years old, but in this regard they are supported and young people under 18 age. After analyzing the table with a set of Anglicisms, I compiled a dictionary of the most used words.

From the options most commonly used words are: presentation of show, disco, online, offline, ok, finish, tuning, barter. The participants of the survey have added a list of words borrowed his examples. Such as: the display, the player draft, puzzle, fan, make-up. The difficulty caused words used in a particular field: barter, marketing, voucher, extension promoter.

The findings of the study.

1. All participants of the survey indicated a high level of use of English borrowings in everyday life.

2. All participants in the survey often use English borrowings in their speech and writing, in order to brighten express their emotions and thoughts.

3. Attitude to use English borrowings in the Russian language is more positive, less - indifferent and even less - negative. This suggests that the interviewees are accustomed to the use of English words in the Russian language.

4. Most of the respondents believe that Anglicisms enrich our language, make it more saturated, but still there are people who believe that the borrowed words distort the native language.

5. The respondents belonging to the age group over 35 years, in his speech do not use Anglicisms and believe that they distort the Russian language. People who are under 18 years old most frequently inserted into their spoken language borrowed words, and believe that they are helping the most colorful and accurately express their emotions. Among the respondents, the age group from 18 to 35 years, most uses Anglicisms in his speech, but still feel that they clog up the Russian language.

 

About "The use of Anglicisms in modern Russian." 

Enter your age ____ _____ 14-18 18-35 years ___ over 35

Choose only one most appropriate answer to the following questions:

What Anglicism?

a) a word or expression, borrowed from the English language.

b) the direction in music.

c) borrowed from the language of another word or phrase.

Irritating Are you an abundance of Anglicisms in modern Russian language?

1. Yes, very

2. Slightly

3. Not at all

Do you use Anglicisms in everyday speech?

1. regularly

2. Sometimes

3. rarely

4. Never

What do you think Anglicisms enrich our language, make it richer and better, or impoverish the Russian language, distorting and perverting it?

Enrich

Impoverish

Before you have a table with a set of words. If you use Circle Circle "+" if not "-"

Barter    +   -              

Image     +  -               

Marketing  +  - 

Casting   +   -

Voucher  +  -

Single  +  -

Arm wrestling  +   -

Tuning   +   -

Freestyle  +   -

Prolongation  +   -

Interface  +  -

Promoter  +  -

Display   +  -

Marketer  +  -

Browser  +  -

Transformer  +   -

Presentation  +    -

security guard   +   -

Sponsor  +    -

Parliament  +   -

Show  +  -

Piercing +   -

Killer   +    -

Disco  +   -

Offline  +  -

Online +    -

Finish   +   -

Fast food  +    -

OK  +   -

Game  +  -

Irritating Are you an abundance of Anglicisms in modern Russian language?

Do you use Anglicisms in everyday speech?

And now look at the development of two types of loan words.

Graphical development of borrowed words - is the transfer of its funds on the letter of the Russian alphabet. Most of the foreign words, become the property of the Russian language, Russian immediately acquire the graphic image. In some cases, however, the graphical development of another word does not occur immediately: for some time now give the floor to English letters, keeping to the letter of foreign-language character. For example, AS Pushkin describes Eugene Onegin "How dandy London dressed - And finally saw the light." In a letter to his wife he wrote, "have lunch at home today, ordered Stepan botvinya and beafsteaks." [4] At the time, the word steak More graphically not strengthened in the language and I could write like in Russian and in English. The Russian encyclopedic dictionary word steak was first noted in 1834.

 

Clear rules of transliteration of foreign words there. The word 'office' in the early 20th century it was written 'Den', later lost one letter 'f'; words like football lost the letter 'l' (football). The word 'millennium', which appeared in the Russian language on the eve of the new millennium, for some strange reason has lost one letter 'H' (compare the Latin and English: millennium). The expression 'ok' has acquired an apostrophe, which is not in the original: OK / okay. For a while the borrowed word can store two options: Realtor / real estate agent; roll curtains / role-shutters. Moreover, there is bilingualism: Fun-Park, dress-code, SPA-procedures, IQ Ball.

 

 

 Morphological development - is becoming a foreign language structural elements as independent morpheme in the Russian language. As an example, let us analyze the adaptation of the word 'Internet'. It came in the Russian language from US English 20 years ago, denoting a new concept in computing. Some wrote it, not declining: the Internet, without the Internet, the Internet. Others began to attribute the English spelling of the word Russian closure: in Internet'e, without Internet'a, with Internet'om. Others took Russian spelling of the word, but firmly rejected the possibility of declination from the Internet without the Internet or even on the Internet (probably in deference to the global phenomenon). Fourth decided that the time is written in Russian, you should lean: the Internet, without the Internet, the Internet (although the 'net' means 'the network', that is a feminine noun). This confusion was present for a long time. At the moment, it is known that the word Internet is included in the Russian dictionary of new words. It is a masculine noun, which sounds and changes as a common word of the Russian language and the laws of this language: Internet, Internet, Internet, Internet. Moreover, it has been recorded from the two adjectives: Web and Internet, which indicates the occurrence of words in the basic structure of the Russian language.

Under lexical development we mean development of the word as a unit of the vocabulary. Lexically mastered word can be considered when it calls the thing a phenomenon characteristic of our Russian reality, when the value of it there is nothing that would indicate its foreign origin. For example, a word borrowed from the English sport, but a phenomenon peculiar to Russian reality of Russian life as much as the British. So the word lexical mastered.

It does not look like anything foreign Anglicisms such as a coat, jacket, sweater, pullover, Abraham, Harvester, cake, ring, tennis, football, volleyball, coach, rail. Most of Anglicisms successfully operating in the Russian language, while retaining some signs of foreign origin: jam, jazz, jeans, tuxedo, musical, monitor, computer, mixer, export, import, business and others. The most significant reason for this flow of anglicisms in the Russian language is the undisputed world leadership of the United States in many areas of our lives. We can easily copy the culture, structure, economic development, education, language, way of life and even thinking, forgetting about their own identities. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, during which there was a struggle with the West, we went to the other extreme. Trying to quickly "cover up" the image of Soviet man, creating a new image of who we really are.