Технология обучения в сотрудничестве на уроках английского языка

После этого каждый участник группы (home group) получает свой текст для чтения: “SPRING”, “SUMMER”, “AUTUMN” или “WINTER” (тексты разной сложности) – т.е. в соответствии с уровнем языковой подготовки учащихся. Внутри одной группы дети работают над разными текстами. После прочтения текста учащиеся из разных групп, работавшие над одним и тем же материалом, встречаются и обмениваются информацией (expert groups). Это так называемая “встреча экспертов”. Затем они возвращаются в свои группы (home groups) и по очереди рассказывают о том, что узнали. Далее следует проверка понимания другими членами группы прослушанной информации, для чего могут быть использованы вопросы как из учебника, так и предоставленные учителем, а также тестовые задания типа “True–False”. “Сильным” ученикам можно предложить самостоятельно составить вопросы к тексту или разработать тестовые задания. В заключение учащиеся должны оценить работу всех членов “home group”, записать результаты в лист контроля и сдать его учителю.

Great Britain: a Country of Traditions

Just like families have their own traditions, so do countries. It’s common knowledge that the British are lovers of traditions. Each season in Britain is connected with various colourful traditions, customs and festivals.

SPRING

St. David’s Day. March 1st is a very important day for Welsh people. It’s St. David’s Day. He is the “patron” or national saint of Wales. On March 1st, the Welsh celebrate St. David’s Day and wear daffodils in the buttonholes of their coats or jackets. 
May Day. May 1st was an important day in the Middle Ages, the celebration of summer’s beginning. For that day people decorated houses and streets with branches of trees and flowers. In the very early morning young girls went to the fields and washed their faces with dew. They believed this made them beautiful for a year after that. Also on May Day the young men of each village tried to win prizes with their bows and arrows. People put up a striped maypole decorated with flowers and danced round it. Some English villages still have maypole dancing on May 1st.

SUMMER

The Trooping of the Colour. The Queen is the only person in Britain with two birthdays. Her real birthday is on April 21st, but she has an “official” birthday, too. That’s on the second Saturday in June. And on the Queen’s official birthday, there is a traditional ceremony called the Trooping of the Colour. It’s a big parade with brass bands and hundreds of soldiers at Horse Guards’ Parade in London. The Queen’s soldiers, the Guards, march in front of her. At the front of the parade is the flag or “colour”. The Guards are trooping the colour. Thousands of Londoners and visitors watch Horse Guards’ Parade. And millions of people at home watch it on television.  
Swan Upping. Here’s a very different royal tradition. On the River Thames there are hundreds of swans. A lot of these beautiful white birds belong, traditionally, to the King or Queen. In July the young swans on the Thames are about two months old. Then the Queen’s swankeeper goes, in a boat, from London Bridge to Henley. He looks at all the young swans and marks the royal ones. The name of this custom is Swan Upping.  
Highland Games. In summer, Scottish people traditionally meet together for competitions called Highland Games. After Queen Victoria visited the games at Braemar in 1848, the Braemar games became the most famous tradition in Scotland. Today thousands of visitors come to see sports like tossing the caber (a tall pole is thrown into the air as a test of strength) or throwing the hammer. The games always include Scottish dancing and bagpipe music.

Henley — a town on the Thames 
to toss the caber — бросать бревно (спортивное состязание)

AUTUMN

The State Opening of Parliament. Parliament governs modern Britain. But traditionally the Queen opens Parliament every autumn. She travels from Buckingham Palace to the Houses of Parliament, in a gold carriage – the Irish State Coach. At the Houses of Parliament the Queen sits on a throne in the House of Lords. Then she reads the Queen’s Speech. At the State Opening of Parliament the Queen wears a crown and crown jewels.  
Guy Fawkes Day. November 5th is Guy Fawkes Day in Britain. All over the country people build wood fires, or “bonfires”, in their gardens. On top of each bonfire is a straw man. That is a figure of Guy Fawkes. He was one of a band of conspirators who wanted to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill King James I and his ministers. However, the plot failed, Fawkes was caught on the 5th of November 1605. The conspirators were executed and Britain has celebrated Guy Fawkes night since then. Before November 5th, children use their guys to make money. They stand in the street and shout “Penny for the guy”. Then they spend the money on fireworks.

a guy — зд. чучело

WINTER

Up-Helly-Aa. The Shetlands are islands off the coast of Scotland. In the ninth century the Vikings from Norway came to the Shetlands. They came to Britain in ships and took away gold, animals and sometimes people. 
Now, 1000 years later, people in the Shetlands remember the Vikings with the festival, which they call “Up-Helly-Aa”. Every winter people of Zerwick, the capital of the Shetland Islands, make a model of a Viking longship with the head of a dragon at the front. Then, on Up-Helly-Aa night in January, the Shetlanders dress in Viking clothes and carry the ship through the town to the sea and burn it there. The festival is a party for the people of the Shetland Islands. 
Carol Singing. Originally, carols were songs performed with dancing at Christmas and other festivals. They were often sung outside houses by costumed actors called Mummers. Many of today’s carols have been written since the 19th century as Christmas hymns celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ.

Вопросы для проверки понимания  текстов.

Text 1. “SPRING”

1. What holiday is a very important day for Welsh people? 
2. What flower do people wear on St. David’s Day? 
3. Is May Day an important celebration nowadays? 
4. How did people celebrate May Day in the Middle Ages? 
5. What is “maypole dancing”?

Text 2. “SUMMER”

1. What person has got two birthdays? 
2. What ceremony is traditionally held on the Queen’s official birthday? 
3. How can you explain the word “colour” in this text? 
4. Does the Queen’s swankeeper mark all the swans on the Thames? 
5. The Highland Games are not only sport competitions. What else do they include? 
6. When did the Braermar games become the most famous tradition in Scotland? 
7. What competitions for strong people are held in the Highlands?

Text 3. “AUTUMN”

1. Who traditionally opens Parliament? 
2. For what purposes is the Irish State Coach used nowadays? 
3. What does the Queen do in the Parliament and what does she wear? 
4. What kind of person was Guy Fawkes? 
5. How do people celebrate Guy Fawkes Day? 
6. What do children usually do on Guy Fawkes Day?

Text 4. “WINTER”

1. Whom do the Shetlanders remember with Up-Helly-Aa festival? 
2. What is the capital of the Shetlands? 
3. How do the people of the Shetlands celebrate Up-Helly-Aa? 
4. What are “carols”? 
5. Is Carol Singing a Christmas tradition? Prove your answer.

True-False test.

Text 1. “SPRING”

1. St. David’s Day is a very important day for British people. 
2. May Day is a very important celebration nowadays. 
3. May Day is the celebration of spring’s beginning. 
4. The symbol of St. David’s Day is a maypole. 
5. The striped maypole is decorated with daffodils.

Text 2. “SUMMER”

1. The Queen’s official birthday is on the second of June. 
2. Trooping of the Colour is translated on TV. 
3. Swan Upping is the name of a custom of marking all swans. 
4. The Highland Games were founded by Queen Victoria. 
5. The Braermar games are the most famous tradition in Scotland.

Text 3. “AUTUMN”

1. At the Houses of Parliament the Queen sits in the Irish State Coach. 
2. Modern Britain is ruled by the Queen. 
3. “Bonfire” is a figure of Guy Fawkes. 
4. Guy Fawkes is a national hero in Britain. 
5. Guy Fawkes and his people wanted to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill the king.

Text 4. “WINTER”

1. The Shetlands were colonized by the Vikings. 
2. On Up-Helly-Aa, people burn a model of a Viking longship. 
3. Carols are Christmas hymns. 
4. Carols are costumed actors. 
5. Carol Singing is performed only at Christmas.

Meet in expert groups. 
– compare your answers for the questions 
– compare your answers for the test 
– work out a common answer

Meet in your home groups. 
– take turns retelling the texts you have prepared 
– let your team-mates take the True- False test 
– explain them the details 
– as you listen to your group-mates don’t forget to take notes 
– don’t forget to fill the checking list and hand it to your teacher

The whole class discussion. 
Many people think that Great Britain is a country of traditions. Do you agree with this? What’s your opinion? Explain your point of view. While listening to your classmates be ready to give some more reasons to support or refute the point of view being discussed.

     Хотелось бы отметить, что эксперимент (так как дети раньше не работали таким образом) и мои наблюдения по данному вопросу показали, что технология обучения в сотрудничестве способствует повышению эффективности овладения ИЯ и является одним из источников интенсификации учебного процесса, так как повышает мотивацию учащихся и улучшает результативность их учебного труда. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

     Заключение

     Целью данной курсовой работы являлось определение  технологии обучения в сотрудничестве. Это обучение в процессе общения, общения учащихся друг с другом, учащихся с учителем, в результате которого и возникает столь необходимый контакт. Это социальное общение, поскольку в ходе общения учащиеся поочередно выполняют разные социальные роли - лидера, исполнителя, организатора, докладчика, эксперта и т.д.

     Думается, все сказанное подтверждает нашу мысль о том, в результате систематической и целенаправленной работы в сотрудничестве удается значительно увеличить время устной и речевой практики для каждого ученика на уроке, дать шанс каждому ученику сформировать в своем сознании систему изучаемого языка.

     Учитель приобретает новую, нисколько не менее важную для учебного процесса роль - роль организатора самостоятельной учебно-познавательной, коммуникативной, творческой деятельности учащихся.

     Технология  обучения в сотрудничестве, учитывая специфику предмета “иностранный язык”, обеспечивает необходимые условия для активизации познавательной и речевой деятельности школьников, предоставляя каждому из них возможность осознать, осмыслить новый языковой материал, получить достаточную устную практику для формирования необходимых навыков и умений, расширить кругозор и научиться самостоятельно мыслить и работать. Использование этой технологии на уроках иностранного языка безусловно делает учебный процесс ярким и радостным для детей и обогащает не только учеников, но и учителя.

 

     

Список  использованной литературы: 

1. Бурденюк  Г.М. Управление самостоятельной  учебной деятельностью при обучении  иностранным языкам. Кишинев: Штиинца, 1998.

2. Guy R. Lefracois. Psychology for teaching. Oxford University Press. 1991.

3. Новые  педагогические и информационные технологии / Под редакцией Е.С. M.: Полат, 1999.

4. Полат  Е.С. Обучение в сотрудничестве. ИЯШ, № 1, 2000.

5. Соловова  Е.Н. Преподавание иностранного  языка сегодня и завтра. ELT News & Views № 4 (7) 1998.

6. Щерба  Л.В. О задачах лингвистики  // Вопросы языкознания, № 2, 1962.