Technical characteristics of the computer

Департамент образования города Москвы

Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

Строительный  колледж №41

 

 

 

Самостоятельная работа

По предмету: «Иностранный язык»

На тему: «Technical characteristics of the computer»

 

 

Выполнил

Студент группы 3-ОЗ-35В

 

Москва 2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Technical characteristics of the computer

The most important technical characteristics of the personal computer are:

1. bit - the most important characteristics of a computer , measured in bits , it shows - how many binary digits ( bits ) of information is processed (or transmitted ) per cycle of the microprocessor as well - how many bits can be used to address the RAM computers can be respectively 8 th , 16 - , 32 - and 64 -bit ;

2. Clock frequency - how many elementary operations (cycles) a microprocessor executes one second;

3. RAM capacity, measured in megabytes and is available as a module having 2, 4 , 8, 16, 32 , 64 , 128 , 256 or more MB ( 1GB capacity developed modules ) ;

4. External disk storage capacity is measured in MB, GB and TB;

5. Type of display and video card, ensure that a graphics mode:

VGA - 650 X 480 pixels,

SVGA - 800 X 600, 1024 X 768, 1240 X 1024 pixels or more;

6. Colors - monochrome (black and white) and color, providing 16, 256, and more than 16 million colors;

Pixel - an indivisible point on the screen, which changes the brightness and color (if the display color). The more pixels, the higher the quality of the image on the screen.

Computer performance , as measured in a first approximation , in thousands of transactions / second , millions of ops / sec and billions of transactions / sec, depending on the used a computer microprocessor and other components determining it - the hard drive , memory , video memory , etc. Performance of these nodes is determined speed, the magnitude of which is inversely proportional to the productivity is measured in milli- , micro-and nanoseconds, respectively having dimensions 1/1000, 1 / 1,000,000, and one billionth seconds.

 

Performance - this time the response had fallen to the operation. For hard drives, it is 8-16 or more milliseconds for RAM - 8-70 nanoseconds.

Performance of the computer, thus determined integral exponent comprising all components of the above-noted node, and is also measured in terms of MIPS. Requirements for the method of its determination specified number of international standards used for testing for common tasks, including working with graphics, video, computer games.

Specifications Processor

Processor - undoubtedly the most important part of the computer. The processor performs the most important role in the speed of the computer - the calculation of the results of the program. Since processors in the computer may be a few species (eg , the GPU on the video card ), then we call the CPU processor in the future . So it will be leaner and more correct, since processor, which we will discuss in this article as the basis for computing complex is the central unit (CPU - Central Processing Unit).

Thus, the CPU has a number of important characteristics and the importances of each of them need to know. This knowledge will serve you well in the future to navigate the review and testing of processors and not be afraid of unfamiliar words :) Basically, the CPU complex devices , and if you treat it more or less detail, it will take more than a dozen printed pages of small print. So we just let the basic guidelines and try to lay out the basic characteristics of the processor at the level of elementary knowledge.

 

Сash

The CPU is constantly working memory. But the speed of RAM is not particularly high, the processor, when working with her, revealed its full computing potential. Therefore, there is a processor with its own small but fast memory. It is called a «cache." Usually, such a memory on the processor from 256KB to 2MB. The cache keeps the data that the processor may be required in the next moment. Therefore, before you perform an operation with the data processor is looking for their first in the cache. The cache is divided into levels: general, processors two-tier system (the so-called cache L1 and L2). This cache is characterized by small size (but great speed), and the second level - the large size. Third- level cache is very large, but is slow and occurs only in some models the CPU. Cash largely determines the cost of the processor is unnecessarily large (and sometimes large) part of the silicon substrate CPU. In principle, the larger the cache, the faster processor. But this is not always the case. Often, the difference between the performance of a processor with 128KB cache and CPU with 1MB L2 cache in disproportionately small compared to the increased cost of the processor. So it is not necessary to pursue the larger values ​​Kesha L2 (For example, the Athlon 64 processors with 512Kb L2 quite successfully compete with Pentium 4 having keshom L2 2Mb.)

Integrated memory controller

For a long time, this term was not applied to the CPU. However, AMD in its new generation of processors K8 went and integrated the memory controller into the processor. As has been repeatedly stated, the CPU all the time working with RAM. And the speed of his work with the RAM - this is the most important parameter to achieving high performance. Early, there is a diagram of the CPU with RAM, «Processor - Chipset - RAM «. This way decided to cut and «moved «the memory controller from the chipset - the CPU. Thus the scheme is simplified to «CPU - RAM «. Intel sticks to the traditional scheme, which involved the chipset. At least until the sticks. Therefore it is necessary to say a few words about the processors AMD. At the moment, there are two relevant platforms for AMD. This - Socket 754 and Socket 939. Processors for these platforms do not differ architecturally, but have a difference in a different memory controller: at Sokket 939 - dual channel, and at 754 - channel. That is, provided the use of two strips of memory; the system will show S939 peak memory bandwidth twice more than 754 (ceteris paribus). But do not be so scared of systems with single-channel memory controller: for K8 CPU performance difference is less than 10 %. The fact that the memory speed is more dependent on its latency (in modern terms) than on PSP (PSP - Peak bandwidth), but that’s another topic.

 

Often the choice of PC buyers pay attention to the quality of the monitor in the last turn. Today's user is well versed in computer specifications, as to the monitor.