Production management and prospects of its development

              "Production management and prospects of its development"

                                                     Introduction. 
Production management is an activity that relates to the creation of goods and services by converting the required resources of all kinds in the finished goods and services. 
This is one of the most common functional areas of management activity in all spheres of national economy. 
Quality management of key business processes, 
underlies the efficient functioning of any organization whose purpose is the creation of wealth. 
The reality existing production management full of problems and challenges.  
The objective of production management - problem solving production units. These problems stem from the nature of production systems and from what contribution is expected from the production units in the overall activity of the company. Despite the fact that each Manager knows the reality of the system in which he works, everyone will agree that manage your production environment is not easy. The number of variables that managers should consider when making decisions that management makes the process so difficult that some perceive it as art. Understanding the main factors complicating the life of the production Manager, allows you to more deeply understand the reality of the working environment and to develop a solution that will significantly improve the management process and the level of activity of the entire system.

 
                The history of the development of production management 
The traditional view of manufacturing management began to emerge in the eighteenth century, after consideration by the Adam Smith economic benefits of specialization of labor in 1776. Specialization suggested a division of the production process into a series of smaller operations performed by individual workers, which increased the quality of work and productivity.  
In g. Eli Whitney developed the principle of interchangeability of parts on the Assembly and drove him to an industrial use in the manufacture of firearms. Then this principle was tested in the production of various kinds of products, which gave a powerful impetus to the development of the industry. 
In 1878, was subjected to the revision of the revision of the then-existing practice in the field of production management by Frederick Winslow Taylor. In his works, Taylor used the analytical method and gave a special importance to the regulation of repetitive operations and increase efficiency of labour, as he painstakingly studied different methods of work, to find the best way to perform each operation. Taylor also believed that management should be responsible for the selection and training of the workers, determining an effective method of performing each type of work, planning, cooperation between management and workers. In 1911 he published his classic book "the Principles of scientific management". 
The term "industrial management" became widespread. In the 1910s, which reflected the totality of scientific approaches to the management of production, limited to the management of deterministic processes.

 
                                       Content production management 
Production management - an independent field of knowledge and professional activity aimed at the creation and implementation of goods by converting resources into finished products. 
Production management provides a rational combination of production factors in time and space in the production activities of the organization. The specific content, subject areas, functions, and methods of their implementation depend on the implementation of production management 
The levels of Production management 
• Macro-level: the world system, the national economy, the production of the whole country, industry and national economy, the Association of enterprises 
• Micro-level: individual enterprise, production, plant, unit, section, Department, workplace. 
Production management deals directly with production. And has the purpose of ensuring the efficient combination of production factors in time and space in the production activities of the organization. 
Functions of production management determine the stable composition of specific types of administrative activities, characterized by the homogeneity of goals, actions, or objects of their application. They describe the overall objectives and direction of managerial work, the composition and content of which in the least degree depend on the specifics of a particular organization.

                            The content and types of production processes 
a) Concept and types of production processes 
Production process - a set of simple and natural processes, as a result of interaction which raw materials are transformed into finished products or service. 
Operation - an elementary part of a certain type. 
The technological process is the main and most important part of the production process, directly related to resizing, the geometrical form or the physical-chemical properties of objects truthpreserving process running on the same workstation without the need to readjust the equipment on one or more products, one or more work (crew). 
Operations are manual, machine-manual, mechanical, automatic and apparatus.

 
                       The structure of the production management system 
Production management is one of the most important types of functional management. Varies 5 subject areas: 
• Development, research 
• Procurement, supply 
• Manufacturing - the manufacturing process 
• Sales, distribution 
• Service 
Each subject industrial management applies, as a rule, its own management technology. But at the same time in the economic management of the enterprise there is a certain logic of interaction functions, due to the logical sequence management process.  
Is useful to distinguish four stages of this process.  
In the first stage, the objective is the operation of a managed object are determined by the quantitative characteristics of the development; the second organizes the necessary conditions for the functioning of the controlled object; the third being the accounting and control the state of the object from the point of view of the intermediate or final results, which assesses the degree of achievement of objectives; the fourth - regulating deviations that arise during the implementation of the goals and incentives, encouraging employees and teams to improve their performance. 
One of the most important functions of enterprise management is the task of the analytical planning, which is the main part of the production management system. In this case, all production processes (business processes) should be structured and organizational agreed on the principles of reengineering in a rather elaborate (careful) strategy. The planning system should be built as a system of continuous computer support management decisions, with a constant monitoring of external and internal parameters of the production modeling and prediction of situational development. 
The analytical and planning are two basic subsystems: business planning and financial modeling.  
Effective production management is impossible without the scientific organization of labor. Scientific organization of labor is part of the cycle of production management at the operational level. The labor organization must be based on science and best practices, systematically implemented in production, to ensure continuous improvement of productivity, the most efficient use of material and human resources, to contribute to the preservation of human health. 
Scientific organization of work aimed at addressing the following interrelated objectives: economic, psychological, physical, and social. 
The economic challenge is the most complete use of equipment, materials, raw materials, ensuring productivity. Solution psychophysiological task involves the creation of favorable working conditions, which is important for maintaining the health of workers and their health. The solution of social tasks aimed at improving the satisfaction of the conditions and results of work.

The structure of the system of production management (SPM) should meet the requirements of the scientific management approaches. The structure of the system: 
The components of the external environment that affect the stability and efficient functioning of the firm (organization, company), are the macro-environment, the infrastructure of the region, the micro-environment of the firm. 
The components of the “sign” of the management system include methodological, regulatory, design and other documents, raw materials, components, energy, new equipment, new human resources, information. 
At the output management system - manufactured goods (performed) the appropriate quantity, quality, intensity, delivered within the stipulated time. 
The components of the feedback management system includes requirements, complaints, new information consumer commodity company arising from poor quality products, new achievements of scientific-technical progress, innovation and other factors. 
When a failover management system first needs to be based on marketing research to specify “exit”, then analyze the quality of the external environment” and “login” and last of all to ensure the quality of the process of” management system for its four subsystems on the quality level of “input”. 

                                                                                                                                                                                     
External environment JMP 
The macro environment is characterized by different spheres of development. These areas include international, political, economic, socio-demographic, legal, environmental, climatic, technological, cultural. In turn, each sphere is determined by several factors (indicators)that directly or indirectly affect the efficient functioning of the firm.  
The infrastructure of the region, where geographically located enterprise, significantly influence the effectiveness and sustainability of its functioning. However, the main industry of the region's infrastructure, as well as the macro-environment that influence the firm's operations indirectly. 
 
The factors of the environment include the following: 
• competitors;  
• contact audience;  
• marketing intermediaries;  
• the law on the tax system and economic activity.

                                                          Conclusion 
 
As a result of research on the topic: "Industrial management and prospects of its development, you can make several conclusions: 
1. The main aim of the plant is processing resources into finished products. The main resources include people and energy, and raw materials and machines. Each business process is on its technology and the Manager must understand how the overall functioning of the production.  
2. Production management deals with the production and manufacturing systems. Components of the cycle of production management are planning, analysis, control. Application of methods of planning, analysis and control is a necessary condition for the smooth functioning of production systems. 
3. Production is the control object. Production management involves the development of strategies and tactics for management of production structures. 
Production management assumes that appropriate services management manage processing of raw materials and semi-finished products, arriving at the entrance to the organization, the product that the organization provides to the external environment.  
4. About the efficiency of production management or efficiency of production management, it is possible to speak about the relationship quantitatively measured "output" of the production system to quantitatively measured its "input".