План лингвостилистического анализа текста

• Anaphora is when the repeated word (or phrase) comes at the beginning of two or more consecutive sentences, clauses or phrases.
• Epiphora is when the repeated unit is placed at the end of consecutive sentences, clauses or phrases.
• Anadiplosis is structured so that the last word or phrase of one part of one part of an utterance is repeated at the beginning of the next part, thus hooking the two parts together.
• Framing is an arrangement of repetition in which the initial parts of a syntactical unit, in most cases of a paragraph, are repeated at the end of it.

Enumeration is a stylistic device by which separate things, objects, phenomena, actions are named one by one so that they produce a chain, the links of which are forced to display some kind of semantic homogeneity, remote though it may seem.

E.g.: "Scrooge was his sole executor, his sole administrator, his sole assign, his sole residuary legatee, his sole friend and his sole mourner." (Dickens)

Suspense is arranging the matter of a communication in such a way that the less important, subordinate parts are amassed at the beginning, the main idea being withheld till the end of the sentence. Thus the reader's attention is held and his interest is kept up.

E.g.: "Mankind, says a Chinese manuscript, which my friend M. Was obliging enough to read and explain to me, for the first seventy thousand ages ate their meat raw." (Charles Lamb)

Climax (Gradation) is an arrangement of sentences (or homogeneous parts of one sentence) which secures a gradual increase in significance, importance, or emotional tension in the utterance.

E.g.: "Little by little, bit by bit, and day by day, and year by year the baron got the worst of some disputed question." (Dickens)

Anticlimax is an arrangement of ideas in ascending order of significance,or they may be poetical or elevated, but the final one, which the reader expects to be the culminating one, as in climax, is trifling or farcical. There is a sudden drop from the lofty or serious to the ridiculous.

E.g.: "This war-like speech, received with many a cheer, Had filled them with desire of flame, and beer." (Byron)

Antithesis is based on relative opposition which arises out of the context through the expansion of objectively contrasting pairs.

E.g.: "A saint abroad, and a devil at home." (Bunyan) "Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven." (Milton)

Antithesis is a structure consisting of two steps, the lexical meanings of which are opposite to each other.

E.g.: In marriage the upkeep of a woman is often the downfall of a man.

Asyndeton is a connection between parts of a sentence or between sentences without any formal sign, the connective being deliberately omitted.

E.g.: "Soames turned away; he had an utter disinclination for talk, like one standing before an open grave, watching a coffin slowly lowered." (Galsworthy)

Polysyndeton is the connection of sentences, or phrases, or syntagms, or words by using connectives (mostly conjunctions and prepositions) before each component part.

E.g.: "The heaviest rain, and snow, and hail, and sleet, could boast of the advantage over him in only one respect." (Dickens)

Ellipsis imitates the common features of colloquial language, where the situation predetermines not the omission of certain members of the sentence, but their absence.

E.g.: "Nothing so difficult as the beginning." (Byron)

Inversion is broken word order.

E.g.: Into a singularly restricted and indifferent environment Ida Zobel was born.

Break-in-the-Narrative (Aposiopesis) is a break in the narrative used for some stylistic effect.

E.g.: "You just come home or I'll..."

Litotes is a peculiar use of negative constructions aimed at establishing a positive feature in a person or thing.

E.g.: "He was not without taste ..." "It troubled him not a little ... "

Exercises on the Use of Stylistic Devices_

Find stylistic devices in the following sentences. Comment on them.

1. The laugh in her eyes died and was replaced by something else.
2. For every look that passed between them, and the word they spoke, and every card they played, the dwarf had eyes and ears.
3. "If there's a war, what are you going to be in?" - "The Government, I hope," Tom said. "Touring the lines on an armoured car, my great belly shaking like a jelly. Hey, did you hear that? That's poetry."
4. Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old.
5. The girl gave him a lipsticky smile.
6. The silence as the two men stared at one another was louder than thunder.
7. There comes a period in every man's life, but she is just a semicolon in his.
8. "I'm going to give you some good advice." - "Oh! Pray don't. One should never give a woman anything she can't wear in the evening."
9. Up came the file and down sat the editor, with Mr. Pickwick at his side.
10. Gentleness in passion! What could have been more seductive to the scared, starved heart of that girl?
11. Poor boy ... . No father, no mother, no anyone.
12. It were better that he knew nothing. Better for common sense, better for him, better for me.
13. The coach was waiting, the horses were fresh, the roads were wet, and the driver was willing.
14. There are so many sons that won't have anything to do with their fathers, and so many fathers who won't speak to their sons.
15. The mechanics are underpaid, and underfed, and overworked.
16. I hear your voice - it's like an angel's sigh.
17. He held the cigarette in his mouth, tasting it, feeling its roundness, for a long time before he lit it. Then, with a sigh, feeling, well, I've earned it, he lit the cigarette.
18. And then in a moment she would come to life and be as quick and restless as a monkey.
19. The sky was dark and gloomy, the air damp and raw.
20. "Our father is dead." - "I know." - "How the hell do you know?" - "Station agent told me. How long ago did he die?" - "About a month." - "What of?" - "Pneumonia." - "Buried here?" - "No. In Washington."
21. She had her breakfast and her bath.
22. ... whispered the spinster aunt with true spinster-aunt-like envy ... .
23. A team of horses couldn't draw her back now; the bolts and bars of the old Bastille couldn't keep her.
24. I have only one good quality - overwhelming belief in the brains and hearts of our nation, our state, our town.
25. It was you who made me a liar, - she cried silently.
26. I looked at the gun, and the gun looked at me.
27. England has two eyes, Oxford and Cambridge. They are the two eyes of England, and two intellectual eyes.