Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 15 Марта 2011 в 08:23, практическая работа
On setting out on a journey, a traveler often found himself in hostile environment of nature. But what consoled him was the hope that in the nearest village and even in an isolated nomad's tent he will be provided with shelter, food and warmth.
1. Holidays of Uzbekistan
2. Independence Day
3. Navruz
4. Kurban – Khait and Ramazan-Khait
5. Festival «Boysun Bakhori»
6. Festival «Shark Taronalari»
7. Traditions of Uzbekistan
8. Conclusion.
Table
of Contents
1. Holidays of Uzbekistan
2. Independence Day
3. Navruz
4. Kurban – Khait and Ramazan-Khait
5. Festival «Boysun Bakhori»
6. Festival «Shark Taronalari»
7. Traditions of Uzbekistan
8. Conclusion.
Source
Traditions of Uzbekistan
On setting out on a journey,
a traveler often found himself in hostile environment of nature. But
what consoled him was the hope that in the nearest village and even
in an isolated nomad's tent he will be provided with shelter, food and
warmth.
To
turn somebody down or to give him bad reception, which conflicts with
the traditions, meant to disgrace the family, village, and clan. The
tradition ordered to be hospitable even to an enemy. Not without reason
the old ancient saying states: "Hospitality is rated higher than
courage."
Nowadays
the principles of hospitality turned into good and useful traditions
that help people in their contacts and behavior. Some of these principles
aïîæèëîére expressed in aphoristic form: "It is better to
come in time than to come early" "He who invites somebody
to dinner should take care about night accommodation too."
Uzbek
people usually have big families consisting of few generations. In such
families respect towards elderly people is a tradition. Certain line
of conduct is observed in the relations between men and women. Thus
salutation by shaking hands is permissible only between men. While shaking
hands, as a rule, it is advisable to show interest in each other's health
and personal progress. It is customary to greet women with light bow
placing right hand over the heart.
To
turn down invitation to lunch or dinner or to be late for the one is
considered to be rather impolite. Usually guests arrive with souvenirs
for the hosts and sweets for children. On entering the house one should
take off the foot-gear. According to the old tradition men and women
should sit at different tables, but this tradition has full support
only in the rural areas. The head of the family himself seats the guests,
with the most respected guests being offered the seats furthest to the
entrance. After the eldest among the present at the feast reads short
praying for the hospitable home, the host offers his guests the traditional
cup of tea followed by feast itself.
Traditions
and customs of Uzbek people living on the crossroad of the Great Silk
Road were taking shape within many centuries as a result of interaction
of Zoroastrian rituals of the Sogdians and Bactrians and traditions
of nomadic tribes, with certain impact of Islamic traditions and rites
set by the Koran in later period.
Specific
role in the life of Uzbeks is given to the customs connected with the
birth and upbringing of children, marriage and commemoration of deceased
relatives. A wedding is preceded by engagement ceremony - "Fatiha
tuy". On the appointed day guests come to the house of the girl
who has been proposed to. After the matchmakers announce the purpose
of their visit the rite "Non sindirish" - "Breaking of
a scone" is being performed and the day of marriage is fixed. The
bride's relatives give presents to their counterparts on the side of
the groom. From this moment young people are considered to be engaged.
Wedding
in the life of the Uzbeks is of great significance and is celebrated
with a special solemnity. It consists of a number of ceremonies that
should be performed without failure. In the bride's family her parents
dress up the groom with sarpo - the wedding robe. After mullah (Moslem
priest) reads praying for the newly-weds and declares them husband and
wife, the young people usually go to ZAGS - office for official civil
registration of marriage, thus supplementing the wedlock in the face
of God with the one in the face of people.
The
obligatory attribute of a wedding is festive table with multiple guests.
Two hundred or three hundred guests at the wedding party is considered
to be a typical phenomena. As a present for the young couple the groom's
parents should provide the newly-weds with a house or a separate flat
to live in, whereas the bride's parents should furnish it and provide
everything that the young couple might need during the first years of
the married life. All this is not cheap, of course, but in such cases
who cares about money.
The
climax of a wedding ceremony is the bride's leaving her parent's house
for the house of her groom. In some areas of Uzbekistan there has also
remained the ancient ritual of purification, which goes back to Zoroastrian
tradition, when the young couple walks around the fire three times before
groom brings the bride into his house.
Next
morning after the wedding party the rite "Kelin salomi" -
reception of the bride in her new family should be performed. The groom's
parents, his relatives and friends give presents to the bride and she
greets everyone with deep bow.
Such
important event in the life of young family as baby birth is accompanied
with ritual celebration "Beshik tui" - "Wooden cradle".
On the fortieth day after the baby is born relatives of the young mother
bring lavishly decorated cradle - beshik and everything which is needed
for the newborn, as well as wrapped in tablecloth baked scones, sweets
and toys. According to tradition while guests are having good time and
are regaling themselves on the viands, in the child's room the aged
women perform the rite of the first swaddling of the child and putting
baby into beshik. The rite finishes with the ceremony of a baby's first
'showing itself' to the public. The invited guests gather round the
cradle which they scatter with sweets and sugar wishing the baby happiness
and success.
The
birth of a boy brings to the family a real elation and responsibility.
Before the child reaches the age of nine it is necessary to perform
ancient sanctified Islamic rite of circumcision - hatna kilish or sunnat
toyi. Prior to the rite in the presence of the elders from neighbourhood
suras (verses from Koran) are read and holiday table is served. The
elders bless the small boy and give him presents. At last there comes
the culminating point of the ceremony when a stallion, decorated with
beautiful harness and ribbons, appears; the boy is seated on it; and
all the guests begin to wish him to grow up a healthy man and brave
horseman.
Funeral
and commemoration for the dead are also featured in the code of life
regulations. Twice, in twenty days and in one year after the death,
funeral repast is arranged. In the morning, right after morning praying,
plov is served. The ceremony lasts one and a half - two hours. While
eating those present at the ceremony commemorate the deceased and read
suras from Koran.
All
these important events in the life of an Uzbek family come about with
the assistance and direct participation of mahallya members. Mahallya
is a community of neighbours which is based on the full independence
and self-governing with the purpose of conducting joint activities and
rendering mutual assistance. Makhalla as a structural unit has existed
for centuries and originally was a kind of trade - union committee of
craftsmen. Management is executed by mahallya community committee elected
at the common meeting of residents. Makhalla specifically takes care
of organization and arrangement of weddings, funerals, commemoration,
and the rite of circumcision.
Mahallya
in a sense is self-supporting organization which meetes the urgent spiritual
and bodily requirements of the citizens. Practically in each makhalla
there functions choihona - tea house, barber's shop, and frequently
there is a mosque to serve the community. On Fridays, however, men visit
a cathedral mosque to perform common praying namaz.
For
all that, mahallya is not just an association of mutual aid. The community
plays a broad spectrum of roles, including those of supervisory and
educative ones. Children in mahallya grow up under the supervision of
the whole community and are brought up invariably in the spirit of respect
and obedience to elderly people Community also observes the ancient
tradition of mutual aid - khashar. Many hands make light work. Thus
residents voluntarily and without payment help neighbors to build a
house, to arrange a wedding party or commemorating plov, to improve
conditions of the neighborhood.
Mahallya
acts as an upholder of folk customs and traditions. Not without reason
it can be said that a man is born and lives in mahallya, and when he
dies mahallya administers the last rites for him.
Conclusion.
I feel proud
of myself because I did my best to cope with this work and I hope that
I did it quiet well. In my report I tried to show the life of Uzbekistan.
I wrote about our customs, traditions and holidays, about our Festivals.
It was very interesting to look for the information for my project.
Source:
http://www.sairamtour.com
http://www.roxanatour.com