What is management? What do managers do? How do I manage?

Saratov State Technical University

Language Department 
 
 
 
 
 
 

    Course Paper

    “What is management? What do managers do? How do I manage? “ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

                                                                                                                                     

by Lipilina N.S. 

                                                                                          read by Pyatnitskaya N.Ju.                                                    

                                                                                                                                    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Saratov 2010

What is management? What do managers do? How do I manage?

These are standard questions that most of us in the management profession have been asked more than once. And questions we asked once in our careers too.

Art and Science Management is both art and science. It is the art of making people more effective than they would have been without you. The science is in how you do that. There are four basic pillars: plan, organize, direct, and monitor.

Make Them More Effective

Four workers can make 6 units in an eight-hour shift without a manager. If I hire you to manage them and they still make 6 units a day, what is the benefit to my business of having hired you? On the other hand, if they now make 8 units per day, you, the manager, have value.

The same analogy applies to service, or retail, or teaching, or any other kind of work.

Can your group handle more customer calls with you than without? Sell higher value merchandise? Impart knowledge more effectively? etc. That is the value of management - making a group of individual more effective.

Plan 
Management starts with planning. Good management starts with good planning. And proper prior planning prevents… well, you know the rest of that one.

Without a plan you will never succeed. If you happen to make it to the goal, it will have been by luck or chance and is not repeatable. You may make it as a flash-in-the-pan, an overnight sensation, but you will never have the track record of accomplishments of which success is made.

Figure out what your goal is (or listen when your boss tells you). Then figure out the best way to get there. What resources do you have? What can you get? Compare strengths and weaknesses of individuals and other resources. Will putting four workers on a task that takes 14 hours cost less than renting a machine that can do the same task with one worker in 6 hours? If you change the first shift from an 8 AM start to a 10 AM start, can they handle the early evening rush so you don't have to hire an extra person for the second shift?

Organize 
Now that you have a plan, you have to make it happen. Is everything ready ahead of your group so the right stuff will get to your group at the right time? Is your group prepared to do its part of the plan? Is the downstream organization ready for what your group will deliver and when it will arrive?

Are the workers trained? Are they motivated? Do they have the equipment they need? Are there spare parts available for the equipment? Has purchasing ordered the material? Is it the right stuff? Will it get here on the appropriate schedule?

Do the legwork to make sure everything needed to execute the plan is ready to go, or will be when it is needed. Check back to make sure that everyone understands their role and the importance of their role to the overall success.

Direct  
Now flip the "ON" switch. Tell people what they need to do. I like to think of this part like conducting an orchestra. Everyone in the orchestra has the music in front of them. They know which section is playing which piece and when. They know when to come in, what to play, and when to stop again. The conductor cues each section to make the music happen. That's your job here. You've given all your musicians (workers) the sheet music (the plan). You have the right number of musicians (workers) in each section (department), and you've arranged the sections on stage so the music will sound best (you have organized the work). Now you need only to tap the podium lightly with your baton to get their attention and give the downbeat.

Monitor 
Now that you have everything moving, you have to keep an eye on things. Make sure everything is going according to the plan. When it isn't going according to plan, you need to step in and adjust the plan, just as the orchestra conductor will adjust the tempo.

Problems will come up. Someone will get sick. A part won't be delivered on time. A key customer will go bankrupt. That is why you developed a contingency plan in the first place. You, as the manager, have to be always aware of what's going on so you can make the adjustments required.

This is an iterative process. When something is out of sync, you need to Plan a fix, Organize the resources to make it work, Direct the people who will make it happen, and continue to Monitor the effect of the change.

Is It Worth It Managing people is not easy. However, it can be done successfully. And it can be a very rewarding experience. Remember that management, like any other skill, is something that you can improve at with study and practice. 

Waste management is the collection, transport, processing (waste treatment), recycling or disposal of waste materials, usually ones produced by human activity, in an effort to reduce their effect on human health or local aesthetics or amenity. A subfocus in recent decades has been to reduce waste materials' effect on the natural world and the environment and to recover resources from them.

Waste management can involve solid, liquid or gaseous substances with different methods and fields of expertise for each.

Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential, industrial, and commercial producers. Waste management for non-hazardous residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while management for non-hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator.

Resource recovery

A relatively recent idea in waste management has been to treat the waste material as a resource to be exploited, instead of simply a challenge to be managed and disposed of. There are a number of different methods by which resources may be extracted from waste: the materials may be extracted and recycled, or the calorific content of the waste may be converted to electricity.

The process of extracting resources or value from waste is variously referred to as secondary resource recovery, recycling, and other terms. The practice of treating waste materials as a resource is becoming more common, especially in metropolitan areas where space for new landfills is becoming scarcer. There is also a growing acknowledgement that simply disposing of waste materials is unsustainable in the long term, as there is a finite supply of most raw materials.

There are a number of methods of recovering resources from waste materials, with new technologies and methods being developed continuously.

Recycling

Recycling means to recover for other use a material that would otherwise be considered waste. The popular meaning of ‘recycling’ in most developed countries has come to refer to the widespread collection and reuse of various everyday waste materials. They are collected and sorted into common groups, so that the raw materials from these items can be used again (recycled).

The recycling of obsolete computers and electronic equipment is important, but more costly due to the separation and extraction problems. Much electronic waste is sent to Asia, where recovery of the gold and copper can cause environmental problems.

Recycled or used materials have to compete in the marketplace with new materials. The cost of collecting and sorting the materials often means that they are equally or more expensive than virgin materials. This is most often the case in developed countries where industries producing the raw materials are well-established. Practices such as trash picking can reduce this value further, as choice items are removed .In some countries, recycling programs are subsidised by deposits paid on beverage containers.

Waste management techniques

Managing municipal waste, industrial waste and commercial waste has traditionally consisted of collection, followed by disposal. Depending upon the type of waste and the area, a level of processing may follow collection. This processing may be to reduce the hazard of the waste, recover material for recycling, produce energy from the waste, or reduce it in volume for more efficient disposal.

In Canadian urban centres curbside collection is the most common method of disposal, whereby the city collects waste, and or recyclables, and or organics on a scheduled basis from residential areas. In rural areas people dispose of their waste at transfer stations. Waste collected is then transported to a regional landfill.

Disposal methods also vary widely. In Australia, the most common method of disposal of solid waste is in landfill sites, as it is a large country with a low-density population. By contrast, in Japan it is more common for waste to be incinerated, because the country is smaller and land is scarce.

Landfill

Disposing of waste in a landfill is the most traditional method of waste disposal, and it remains a common practice in most countries. Historically, landfills were often established in disused quarries, mining voids or borrow pits

Many local authorities, especially in urban areas, have found it difficult to establish new landfills due to opposition from owners of adjacent land. Few people want a landfill in their local neighborhood. As a result, solid waste disposal in these areas has become more expensive as material must be transported further away for disposal (or managed by other methods).

This fact, as well as growing concern about the impacts of excessive materials consumption, has given rise to efforts to minimise the amount of waste sent to landfill in many areas. These efforts include taxing or levying waste sent to landfill, recycling the materials, converting material to energy, designing products that use less material, and legislation mandating that manufacturers become responsible for disposal costs of products or packaging. A related subject is that of industrial ecology, where the material flows between industries is studied. The by-products of one industry may be a useful commodity to another, leading to a reduced materials waste stream. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Перевод

Каково  управление? Что делают менеджеры? Как я  справляюсь?

Они - стандартные вопросы, что большинство из нас в профессии управления спросили не раз. И вопросы мы спросили однажды в наших карьерах также.

Управление  искусства и Науки  является и искусством и наукой. Это - искусство  создания более эффективных  людей, чем они  были бы без Вас. Наука  находится в том, как Вы делаете это. Есть четыре основных{элементарных} столба: план, организуйте, направьте, и монитор{наставник}.

Сделайте  Их Более эффективными

Четыре  рабочих могут  сделать 6 единиц в  восьмичасовом изменении  без менеджера. Если я нанимаю Вас, чтобы управлять ими, и они все еще делают 6 единиц в день, что выгода к моему бизнесу того, что нанял Вас? С другой стороны, если они теперь делают 8 единиц в день, Вас, менеджера, имеют ценность.

Та  же самая аналогия обращается к обслуживанию{службе}, или розничной продаже, или обучению, или любому другому виду работы.

Ваша  группа может обращаться с большим количеством  запросов клиента  с Вами чем без? Продайте более высокие  товары ценности? Передайте  знание более эффективно{более  фактически}? и т.д. Это - ценность управления - создание группы более эффективного человека.

План

Управление  начинается с планирования. Хорошее управление начинается с хорошего планирования. И надлежащее предшествующее планирование предотвращает …  хорошо, Вы знаете остальную  часть что один.

Без плана Вы никогда  не будете преуспевать. Если Вы, случается, делаете это к  цели, это будет  удачей или шансом и не повторимо. Вы можете сделать это  как подарок судьбы, ночная сенсация, но Вы никогда не будете иметь отчета{рекорда} следа{курса} выполнений{достижений}, из которых сделан успех.

Иллюстрация{Фигура; Число}, чем является ваша цель (или слушают, когда ваш босс говорит Вам). Тогда  выясните лучший способ добраться там. Какие  ресурсы{средства} Вы имеете? Что Вы можете получить? Сравните силы и слабости людей и других ресурсов{средств}. Будет помещение четырех рабочих на задаче, которая берет 14 меньше стоимости часов чем аренда машины{механизма}, которая может сделать ту же самую задачу с одним рабочим через 6 часов? Если Вы изменяете первое изменение от 8:00 начало к 10:00 начало, они могут обращаться с началом вечернего порыва{стремления}, таким образом Вы не должны нанять дополнительного человека для второго изменения?

Организовать

Теперь, когда Вы имеете план, Вы должны заставить это случиться. Действительно ли все готово перед вашей группой, таким образом правильный материал доберется до вашей группы в нужное время? Ваша группа готова внести своя вклад из плана? Является вниз по течению организация, готовая к тому, что поставит ваша группа и когда это прибудет?

Рабочие обучаются? Они мотивированы? Они имеют оборудование, в котором они  нуждаются? Действительно  ли там запасные части  доступны для оборудования? Покупка заказала материал? Действительно  ли это - правильный материал? Это доберется здесь в соответствующем списке{графике}?

Сделайте  работу, требующую  беготни, чтобы удостовериться, что все должно было выполнить план, готово пойти, или  будет, когда это  необходимо. Дополнительный запрос, чтобы удостовериться, что каждый понимает их роль и важность их роли к полному успеху.