Kazakh
Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages
Project work
English
Theme: The decision through diplomatic channels Israeli-Palestinian
conflict
Сomplied: Suindikov Syrym 446 group
Faculty of Economics and Law
International law
Almaty 2016
Plan
1Arabo-Israel conflict
2 Positions of the parties
3 Critical contradictions
4 International Security
5 Basic approaches to
security understanding
6 International agreements
- The Arab-Israeli conflict - confrontation between a number of Arab
countries and the Arab paramilitary radical groups, supported by a part
of the indigenous Arab population controlled by Israel of the Palestinian
territories, on the one hand, and the Zionist movement, and then the
State of Israel, on the other. Although the State of Israel was created
only in 1948, in fact the story of the conflict spans nearly a century
since the end of the XIX century, when it was created by the political
Zionist movement, marked the beginning of the struggle of the Jews for
their own state.
- After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire as a result
of its defeat in World War I conflict between the Zionist Jews and the
Arab population of Palestine was limited mainly to the territorial claims
of both sides in the British Mandate of Palestine. During the heating
situation in the second quarter of the XX century to the geopolitical
component added as a religious and cultural, reinforcing ethnic hatred
[citation date 2492]. In 1948, the neighboring Arab countries declared
war on the newly established Jewish state. Thus, the conflict went beyond
Palestine and turned into a conflict between Israel and all other Arab
states in the region. With the signing of the peace treaty with Egypt
(1979) and Jordan (in 1994) the number of states hostile to Israel decreased.
As part of a large-scale Arab-Israeli conflict, it decided to allocate
the regional Israeli-Palestinian conflict, due to, first of all, a clash
of territorial interests of Jews and Arabs living in Palestine. In recent
years, it is this conflict is a source of political tension and open
armed clashes in the region.
Positions of the parties
- Position
supporters of Israel
- The Zionist
movement, on the basis of which was created by the State of Israel sees
the Palestinian historic homeland of the Jewish people and is based
on the assertion that this nation has a right to their own sovereign
state. This statement is based on several basic principles:
- The principle
of equality of peoples: Like other people who have their sovereign state,
the Jews also have the right to live in their country and manage it.
- The principle
of the need to protect Jews from anti-Semitism: the phenomenon of anti-Semitism
culminated in purposeful genocide against the Jews (the Holocaust) is
carried out by Nazi Germany in the first half of the 1940s, forcing
the Jews to organize themselves in self-defense, and to find the territory
that would have served as a refuge in case of recurrence of the disaster.
This is possible only with the creation of the Jewish state.
- The principle
of historic homeland: as numerous anthropological and archaeological
research in Palestine since the XIII century BC. e. Jewish tribes lived,
from the XI to VI century BC. e. a Jewish state. The overwhelming presence
of Jews in the area persisted and after the conquest of the last of
the Jewish state of antiquity, the Jews, the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar
II of, over the next centuries, with alternate land transfer from hand
to hand, and until the Bar Kochba revolt
in 132 BC. e., after which a significant number of Jews were expelled
from the country by the Romans. But even after this exile to the V century
BC. e. It remained in Galilee Jewish majority. In Judaism, this area
is called the "Land of Israel", which means "Land of
Israel". She was promised to Jacob (Israel) God as the Promised
Land, which he intends to Jews. Since the inception of the Jewish people
and one of the fundamental ideas of Judaism preached it is the relationship
of the people to the land of Israel.
- Group
non-governmental organizations representing the interests of the Jews
expelled from Arab countries in the 1948-1970-ies., Whose descendants
make up 40% of Israel's population, believes that the territories acquired
by Jews in Israel, disproportionately smaller than they lost during
the expulsion of property and material losses evicted from their lands
the Palestinians is also less than the loss of the exiled Jews.
- The position of the opponents of Israel
- The Arab States and the local Arabs were initially
strongly opposed the establishment of Israel in Palestine.
- Radical political and terrorist movements, as well
as some governments fundamentally deny Israel's right to exist.
- With the trend of strengthening of fundamentalist
sentiment in the Arab world since the second half of the XX century,
the Arab position is complemented by the spread of religion dictated
by the conviction, according to which the territory is part of the native
Muslim lands
- Opponents and critics of Israel believe that the policy
of this state in the occupied territories turned into racism and apartheid,
gradually depriving the Palestinians of their land and in flagrant violation
of their rights.
- In 2002, the League of Arab States (LAS) has adopted
a program known as "the Saudi peace initiative," conditionalities final peace with Israel
Critical contradictions
- The main issues on which the parties
can not reach a mutually acceptable agreement:
- Section Jerusalem
- Jerusalem for Jews - a central place in Judaism, were
built first and second temples, here is the Western Wall. The principle
of "Jerusalem - the eternal and indivisible capital of the Jewish
state," approved by a law enacted by the Knesset, and no Israeli
leader can not make the decision to give this town to the Arabs. In
Arabic, the city called Al-Quds (in the lane. "Noble") and
is the third of its sanctity city after Mecca and Medina for all Muslims.
The Arab leaders also can not give up the claim to Jerusalem.
- Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak in 2001 offered
an unprecedented compromise: he actually agreed to the division of Jerusalem
and Palestinian sovereignty over most of the old town and even a part
of the Temple Mount. It was assumed that the capital of the Arab states
will be in the suburbs. However, the Arabs refused such an agreement.
- The refugee problem
- About 3 million Arabs - those who fled or were expelled
from the territory of Palestine since the beginning of the Arab-Israeli
conflict, as well as their descendants. The Arabs insist on the unconditional
right of these people to return home, but Israel can not agree to the
addition of a million Israeli Arab citizens still 2.5 million Arabs,
since, according to estimates of experts, in the Palestinian territories
no more than 500 thousand can be resettled in a decade human. This change
in demographics mean the end of Israel as a Jewish state and no Israeli
politician it will not go
International security
International security - a world order in which the
favorable international conditions for the free development of the states
and other subjects of international law
The international security environment every state has
the best conditions for the implementation of policies aimed at improving
the material standard of living of people, the free development of the
personality, the full implementation of the rights and freedoms of man
and citizen.
International security is understood in the broad and narrow sense
of the word.
International security in the broadest sense includes a set of political,
economic, humanitarian, informational, environmental and other aspects
of security.
International Security Law - branch of international law, which is
a system of principles and rules governing the military-political relations
between states in order to ensure international peace and security1.
The norms of the industry focused on providing both international and
national security.
The sources of international law are international
People contract, international custom, binding decisions of international
organizations, especially the United Nations Security Council.
The basis of the international security rights are universally recognized
principles of contemporary international law, including the non-use
of force or threat of force, territorial integrity of states, inviolability
of frontiers, non-interference in the internal affairs of States, peaceful
settlement of disputes, cooperation between States
The components of MB rights are universal
security, regional security, disarmament and confidence-building measures.
1. Contracts constraining nuclear arms race in the spatial relation.
They include the Antarctic Treaty (1959), the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
of Nuclear Weapons (1968), the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities
of state-in on (the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the
Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (1967) Treaty on the Prohibition of
the placing on the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof poison
weapons and other weapons of mass destruction (1971), the Treaty on
the Prohibition of the poison weapons in Latin America (Treaty of Tlatelolco,
1967), the Treaty on a nuclear-free zone in the southern Pacific (Treaty
Raraton-A1, 1985), and others.
2. Agreements restricting arms buildup in quantitative and qualitative
terms. This Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in
Outer Space and Under Water (1963), the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
(1996), the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile
Use of Environmental Modification Techniques ( 1977), the Treaty between
the Russian Federation and the United States on further reduction and
Limitation of strategic offensive arms (1993).
3. treaty banning the production
of certain types of weapons and prescribing their destruction. These
are the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production
and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and
on Their Destruction (1972), the Convention on the Prohibition of the
Development, Production and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction
(1993), the Treaty between the USSR and USA on the Elimination of their
Intermediate-range and Shorter-range missiles (1987).
4. Contracts intended to prevent accidental (unauthorized) of war.
This agreement on the lines of direct communication between the USSR
and the USA (1963, 1971). (Similar agreements have been concluded with
the USSR FO in 1967, Frederick in 1966, Germany in 1986), the Agreement
on Measures to Reduce the risk of war, poison between the USSR and the
USA (1971), the exchange of letters between the USSR and Frederick on
the prevention of accidental or unauthorized use of poison weapons (1976),
the Agreement between the Government of the USSR and the Government
of the FO on the prevention of accidental poison war (1977), the Agreement
between the the USSR and the USA on the notification of the launch of
an intercontinental missile submarines (1988) and others.
- The problem of security - in the classic Westphalian political system of the world. State
since its inception concern for the preservation of sovereignty, ie, of its national security, it was originally conceived
primarily as preventing external aggression. In modern conditions, and
this includes issues related to the danger of internal destabilization.
With the increasing interdependence of the world problem is further
developed in the framework of regional and international security
- This starting point is a provision under which is
necessary for the implementation of national interests and influence
on the international situation the power of the state is determined
primarily on the basis of its military forces, or, by analogy with computer
terminology, based on the "core power" and not on the basis
of culture , the authority of the power in the world and another kind
of "software". As a result, the problem of military force
has been central in international relations and in practice, and in
the research plan.